摘要 : The current study aimed to test for measurement invariance of the Resistance to Peer Influence scale across samples of Chinese, Canadian, and Tanzanian. Participants included N = 3,771 students from four public schools in China (N = 2,073, Mage = 16.36 years, SD = 1.14 years; 925 boys), from sixteen public schools in Canada (N = 642, Mage = 12.13 years, SD = 0.78 years; 321 boys), and from four public schools in Tanzanian (N = 1,056, Mage = 15.87 years, SD = 2.02 years; 558 boys). Students provided self-reports of resistance to peer influence. The results from multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and the alignment optimization method demonstrated that configural, metric, and partial scalar invariances of resistance to peer influence held across gender and all three countries. Chinese boys had the highest factor mean levels and Canadian boys had the lowest. The findings help us understand peer influence resistance across cultures and genders. © 2023 Hogrefe Publishing.

摘要 : Economic globalization and green development have become the consensus of all countries in the world. The importance of FDI, carbon emissions and green total factor productivity is self-evident. This study analyses the impact of FDI inflows on green TFP and the role of carbon emissions in FDI inflows and green TFP. The empirical analysis employed kernel density estimation, OLS, mediation effect model, and panel quantile regression methods using China's provincial panel data spanning over 2001–2019. The facts show that China's carbon emissions have been reduced because of environmental regulations and green TFP is still rising in fluctuation. The results from OLS and mediation effect model indicate that the impact of FDI inflows on green TFP present an asymmetric inverted U-shape and FDI influences green TFP by changing carbon emissions. The panel quantile regression results also show that FDI has a stronger impact on green TFP in less developed regions. This paper believes that the introduction of FDI should be appropriate and should be accompanied by corresponding environmental regulations, in order to promote green TFP in countries around the world.

摘要 : Based on the cases of 117 Chinese academic entrepreneurs, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the independent and joint effect of regional policy support, organizational support, and individual characteristics on academics' entrepreneurial motivation. The results show that (1) there are six pathways to entrepreneurs' strong intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but the core conditions are different. (2) Analyzing the logic behind different configurations, we summarize three entrepreneurial models: the male-dominated model causes both strong intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the institution-driven model causes strong intrinsic motivation, and the wealth-oriented model causes strong extrinsic motivation. (3) For male academic entrepreneurs with low academic rank and poor financial status, regional policy support and organizational support substitute for each other in motivating strong intrinsic motivation. Meanwhile, males may have strong extrinsic motivation in the early and late stages of their research life. We enrich the research on the antecedents for academic entrepreneurial motivation from a configuration perspective and provide a reference for further understanding of researchers' entrepreneurial behavior.

摘要 : Multispectral remote sensing technology using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is able to provide fast, large-scale, and dynamic monitoring and management of water environments. We here select multiple water-body indices based on their spectral reflection characteristics, analyze correlations between the reflectance values of water body indices and the water quality parameters of synchronous measured sampling points, and obtain an optimal water body index. A representative selection, such as statistical analysis methods, neural networks, random forest, XGBoost and other schemes are then used to build water-quality parameter inversion models. Results show that the XGBoost model has the highest accuracy for dissolved oxygen parameters (R2 = 0.812, RMSE = 0.414 mg L−1, MRE = 0.057) and the random forest model has the highest accuracy for turbidity parameters (R2 = 0.753, RMSE = 0.732 NTU, MRE = 0.065). Finally, spatial distribution maps of dissolved oxygen and turbidity of water bodies in the experimental domain are drawn to visualize water-quality parameters. This study provides a detailed comparative analysis of multiple inversion methods, including parameter quantity, processing speed, algorithm rigor, solution accuracy, robustness, and generalization, and further evaluates the technical characteristics and applicability of several inversion methods. Our results can provide guidance for improved small- and medium-sized surface-water quality monitoring, and provide an intuitive data analysis basis for urban water environment management. © 2023 by the authors.

摘要 : This study examines the relationship between non-state shareholder governance and the ESG performance of China's listed state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from 2009 to 2020. Through empirical analysis, we find a U-shaped relationship between the proportion of non-state shareholder ownership and ESG performance, which remains consistent after conducting multiple robustness tests. When examined dimensionally, this U-shaped relationship is primarily evident in the Environment and Governance dimensions. Furthermore, this relationship is more pronounced in firms with low financing constraints. Under high financial constraints, the relationship between non-state shareholder governance and ESG performance manifests as a negative linear pattern. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

摘要 : Previous studies have found that negative parental rearing styles can negatively predict the acquisition of ego identity, while it has not been discussed whether the overcompetitive attitudes, a stable personality, will further hinder their ego identity development under the model of educational involutionary. The study used the Overcompetitive Attitude Scale, the Brief Parental Rearing Styles Questionnaire, and the Ego Identity Status Scale to investigate 550 young students in a school in Suzhou in order to explore the influence of parental rearing styles on adolescents’ ego identity development and the role of involutional attitudes. The results showed that: (1) Adolescents’ overcompetitive attitude was positively predicted by parental rejection and overprotection, while it was negatively predicted by parental emotional warmth. (2) Parental emotional warmth significantly predicted adolescents’ ego identity status more favorably than parental rejection, overprotection, and overcompetitive attitude. (3) Overcompetitive attitude plays a partial intermediary role between parental rearing style and ego identity. Copyright © 2024 Ding, Sun and Dong.

摘要 : A linear hazard-causing factor is the environmental element of landslide susceptibility prediction, and the setting of buffer distance of a linear hazard-causing factor has an important influence on the accuracy of landslide susceptibility prediction based on machine learning algorithms. A geographic information system (GIS) has generally been accepted in the correlation analysis between linear hazard-causing factors and landslides; the most common are statistical models based on buffer zone analysis and superposition analysis for linear causative factor distances and landslide counts. However, there is a problem in the process of model building: the buffer distance that is used to build the statistical model and its statistical results can appropriately reflect the correlation between the linear disaster-causing factors and landslides. To solve this problem, a statistical model of landslide density and distance of linear disaster-causing factors under different single-loop buffer distances was established based on Pearson’s method with 12 environmental factors, such as elevation, topographic relief, and distance from the water system and road, in Ruijin City, Jiangxi Province to obtain the most relevant single-loop buffer distance linear disaster-causing factor combinations; random forest (RF) machine learning models were then used to predict landslide susceptibility. Finally, the Kappa coefficient and the distribution characteristics of the susceptibility index were used to investigate the modeling laws. The analysis results indicate that the prediction accuracy of the most correlated single-loop buffer distance combination reaches 96.65%, the error rate of non-landslide points is 4.2%, and the error of landslide points is 11.3%, which is higher than the same single-loop buffer distance combination, confirming the reasonableness of the method of using correlation to obtain the linear disaster-causing factor buffer distance. © 2023 by the authors.

摘要 : Sustainable urban forms (SUF) guide spatial creation, significantly revitalise the development of traditional settlements, and are an essential theoretical support for urban design. At the same time, the emergence of quantitative spatial analysis technology further promotes the visualised evaluation of the performance of spatial vitality in urban design. However, current research rarely studies the spatial vitality of traditional settlements with quantitative spatial analysis from the SUF perspective. Therefore, this research takes Anren Ancient Town in Chengdu, Western China, as an example to propose a design based on sustainable urban form theory to raise local spatial vitality. Then, it introduces the vitality evaluation system based on the urban form index (UFI) with three measurement methods: Space Syntax, Spacemate, and MXI, and conducts a comparative spatial vitality evaluation of Anren Ancient Town’s status quo to explain the process of how the design scheme came about. The results found that urban design proposals based on the principles of compactness, mixed land use and diversity in SUF design guidelines can effectively improve the vitality of traditional settlements. The high vitality of an urban settlement could be achieved by combining SUF-based design guidelines and UFI-based evaluation systems. The spatial vitality evaluation system based on the SUF could assist and optimise decision-making in design and act as a paradigm for urban design or urban regeneration in traditional towns. © 2023 by the authors.

摘要 : There are many unpredictable circumstances during the implementation process of a water conservancy project, which often cause financial loss, increased construction costs and schedule delays. This paper investigates the influence factors for water conservancy project cost control. The present study used the factor analysis method to extract the major cost control influence factors, and performed a correlation analysis to clarify the relationship between these cost control influence factors and the sub-factors under each factor. Several water conservancy project practitioners were invited to analyze the sub-factors of the cost control influence factors and to provide some strategic suggestions in terms of minimizing the impact of the influence factors. The results of the study illustrate that in construction, water engineering contractors who want to reduce costs need to focus on the lack of a clear definition for the scope of works, subcontractors’ insufficient ability to perform the work, site construction conditions and the escalation of the construction material cost. The correlation analysis demonstrated that unreasonable requirements from the supervision unit and unfair standpoints of the supervision unit are highly correlated; the insufficient mobilization ability and lack of management capability of the subcontractor are medium correlated; the site construction conditions and the lack of a clear definition for the scope of works are medium correlated; and the escalation of the construction material cost and shortage of construction materials are medium correlated. This facilitates future water works contractors to identify the underlying causes of cost increases. © 2023 by the authors.

摘要 : The excavation of deep tunnels has significant spatial and temporal effects on the stress distribution of the surrounding rock. Accurately describing the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress state is a key issue in analyzing the failure mechanism of the surrounding rock. Based on the numerical analysis, a study on the influencing factors of the surrounding rock stress state during the excavation of deep tunnels was conducted. The results show that (i) the surrounding rock was divided into stress mutation, disturbed, and stables zones using the quantitative index: the peak and stable value of the stress triaxiality, which can reflect the influence of the principal stress orientation; (ii) the evolution law of the stress path of the surrounding rocks in different areas was obtained, and the detailed loading method of laboratory test is proposed, which could consider the influence of the principal stress magnitude and orientation during tunnel excavation; and (iii) five variable indices were used to conduct sensitivity analysis on the influencing factors of the surrounding rock stress state. Specifically, the direction of in situ stress and lateral pressure coefficient considerably influences the disturbance range, and the depth the tunnel is buried affects the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock. This paper provides a modified and quantified test method for tunnel stability analysis. © 2022 by the authors.