摘要 : To achieve fire prevention in heritage buildings, it is crucial to identify, analyse, and assess fire risks prior to fires due to the complexity of fire causes and risk factors influenced by various aspects such as environmental factors, building material characteristics, layout and management/maintenance practices. For building-specific fire risk identification, fire process simulation models constructed based on quantifying various fire risk elements are needed. Some studies have found that indoor microclimate has different degrees of influence on the fire development process, but there is a lack of relevant modelling. Taking the Grand Hall of Baoguo Monastery in Ningbo as an example, 32 fire operating conditions were simulated using the Fire Dynamics Simulator based on the monitoring environment data collected in the hall. The results revealed that the building structural nodes had higher fire risks, the wind direction significantly affected fire spread in the hall, ambient temperature could influence the fire development rate, smoke was more easily detected at the ceiling, and except for the temperature change ( P < 0.01), the other indicators did not differ significantly across environmental conditions. Subsequently, a fire detector installation strategy with temperature, CO concentration and smoke detectors as detection indicators was proposed.

摘要 : Balancing urban resilience (UR) and urban efficiency (UE) is essential for achieving sustainable development within China’s high-density urban agglomerations. We investigate their synergistic relationship in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, one of the world’s most densely populated regions. UR and UE between 2010 and 2022 were quantified via an integrated AHP-EWM-TOPSIS approach and the Super-EBM model. The improved Haken model was utilized to describe their synergistic relationship. Furthermore, the dynamic evolution and transition mechanisms of UR-UE synergy were examined from the perspective of spatiotemporal interactions. The key findings are as follows: (1) UR acts as the dominant order parameter driving sustainable development. (2) Synergy levels remain suboptimal throughout the study period, with a spatial distribution pattern of “core metropolitan-driven, provincial capital-synergized.” (3) Four distinct transition patterns were identified, demonstrating significant path dependency and spatial lock-in effects in synergistic state evolution. This study establishes UR as the dominant factor for sustainability in mature, high-density agglomerations. The findings advance understanding of complex system dynamics in such regions and provide a theoretical foundation for diagnosing developmental bottlenecks, designing targeted policies to optimize UR-UE synergy, and fostering sustainable development.

摘要 : This study introduces an innovative spiral stiffener to mitigate the local buckling issue of thin-walled steel tubular concrete. In response to diverse restraint forms, 5 distinct specimen types were designed to probe the eccentric compression test. behavior & failure modes of the composite member. Test results: Spiral ribs limit steel tube buckling between stiffeners, reduce degree. Vs. ord. concrete-filled steel tube, bearing cap. up from 932kN to 1119kN (20% growth), safety margin from 1.48 to 1.84 (24% incr.). An empirical analysis of impact parameters was conducted, revealing that the pitch(p) and width-thickness ratio of the spiral rib(br/tr) had a more pronounced effect on the damage morphology of the specimen. Design recommendations were provided: the diameter-thickness ratio of the steel pipe(ds/ts)was limited to 110–150, the reinforcement rate(ρ) was between 0.8% and 2%, the pitch was 3.33 times the diameter of the specimen, and the width-thickness ratio of the spiral ribs was between 6 and 10. Through eccentricity(e0/rc) analysis, the damage limitations of this new component were determined to be approximately 0.5 eccentricity for both large and small eccentricities. Finally, based on superposition theory, a formula for ecc. compressive bearing cap. of new member type is proposed.

摘要 : ABSTRACT The construction sector consumes more than a third of the world's energy, and digital transformation has the potential to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption. Digital Twin (DT) is an important way to reduce the construction industry's huge carbon emissions. However, the current research stays in the application of the whole building industry, and the research of using DT to contribute to energy saving and carbon reduction in buildings is still in the exploratory period. Therefore, this paper proposes a DT-LCR (Digital Twin-enabled Lifecycle Carbon Reduction) conceptual framework by systematically organizing 427 related academic papers to promote a wider implementation of DT for energy saving and carbon reduction in the whole lifecycle of buildings, and clarifies the specific future development directions for stakeholders: “Energy simulation to optimise design decisions,” “Real-time monitoring enables smart construction,” “Real-time detection enables dynamic operation and maintenance,” and “Information integration saves resource scheduling.”

摘要 : PurposeThe design of Japanese gardens is a naturalistic style, and previous studies have shown the relaxation effects by viewing a Japanese garden. The purpose of this study is to find a trend of eye movement in viewing a Japanese garden and elucidate the relationship between eye movements and relaxation effects compared to a geometric garden.Design/methodology/approachA Japanese-style garden and a geometrically designed herbal garden were selected for the experiment. Participants' eye movement and heart rate were measured during their 5-min observation of the garden to assess their physiological responses. Additionally, POMS-SF was used to assess their psychological responses.FindingsPearson correlation analysis revealed a stronger significant correlation between eye movement data and relaxation mechanisms in the Japanese garden. Compared to the herbal garden, the Japanese garden had more fixations and faster eye movement speed, and better relaxation effects.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that exploring the relationship between design, eye movement, and relaxation mechanisms from different perspectives of landscape design is feasible. For example, our results demonstrate that the layout of landscape elements, texture, details, and maintenance in the Japanese garden hold participants' longer attention, resulting in a better relaxation effect.Originality/valueThis study clarified how a garden design can manipulate eye movements to induce relaxing effects.

摘要 : This study traces the evolutional manifestations of bianzheng in modern Chinese argumentative practices from the twentieth century onwards, focusing on three principal forms. The first form of bianzheng operates as a translational counterpart to Western dialectic, specifically engaging with Aristotelian dialectical mechanisms that prioritize inductive reasoning (epagōgē) and deductive syllogism (sullogismos). The second form of bianzheng deviates from this logical sense and is reconstructed philosophically mainly based on Hegelian dialectic with an integration of the worldviews of change and relation in traditional Chinese thinking. The third form of bianzheng is further retrofitted with traditional Chinese thinking, shifting from philosophical reconstruction to rhetorical reconstruction in Chinese argumentation with a focus on the rejection of essential readings of things and events. And this form of bianzheng is systematically illustrated in Chinese argumentation in the twenty-first century, embracing holism, dynamic contexts and mutual becoming of the two opposites. This paper goes further to compare cultural connotations of Aristotelian dialectic, Hegelian dialectic and the third form of bianzheng based on the method of "comparative cultural hermeneutics"(Ames 2023a: 119). It argues that Aristotelian dialectic and Hegelian dialectic presuppose the One negating the many and the One dominating the many respectively. Yet the third form of bianzheng embraces the notion of "the inseparability of the one and the many" (Ames 2021a: 218), entailing "correlative thinking". It deals with the production of new meaning, which is realized by aspectual language.

摘要 : The impact of occupancy behavior (OB) on building energy consumption and carbon emissions is significant. This study explores the characteristics of OB and its potential to reduce university dormitories’ carbon emissions in Suzhou, China. By employing the Driver-Need-Action-Systems (DNAS) framework, the study identifies factors influencing OB and analyzes them through questionnaire surveys involving 463 students (410 undergraduates and 53 master's degree students), on-site monitoring in six dormitories, software simulations, and carbon emission calculations. The findings reveal that building orientation predominantly affects lighting and air-conditioning behaviors, while floor location primarily influences air-conditioning usage, and different student categories manage windows and doors distinctly. Varying OB patterns can lead to differences as high as 59.62% in carbon emissions from the dormitories. Other factors, such as building orientation, floor location, and the number of occupants, account for differences up to 23.69%. OB emerges as the most direct and critical factor influencing carbon emissions, necessitating early integration in building design and targeted behavioral interventions during occupancy to support energy conservation and emission reduction efforts in university housing.