摘要 : The metal–carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy–density energy storage devices, enable direct CO2 utilization, offering promising prospects for CO2 capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO2 batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO2 batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO2 battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO2 batteries.

摘要 : Recently, Dockery, Jameson, Sellers and Wilson introduced new combinatorial objects called d -fold partition diamonds, which generalize both the classical partition function and the plane partition diamonds of Andrews, Paule and Riese. They also investigated a partition function s d ( n ) which counts the number of Schmidt type d -fold partition diamonds of n . They presented the generating functions of s d ( n ) and proved several congruences for s d ( n ) . At the end of their paper, they posed a conjecture on congruences modulo 7 for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) and s 6 k + 2 ( n ) . In this paper, we prove the conjectural congruences for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) by using two methods: an elementary proof based on a result of Garvan and an algorithmic proof based on the Mathematica package RaduRK by Smoot. We also give an algorithmic proof of the conjectural congruences for s 6 k + 2 ( n ) by utilizing Smoot's Mathematica package RaduRK. In addition, we prove new infinite families of congruences modulo 7 for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) and prove that s 6 k + 1 ( 7 n + 3 ) 7 takes integer values with probability 1 for n ≥ 0 . Moreover, we show that there exist infinitely many integers r i such that s 12 k + 1 ( r i ) ≡ i ( mod 13 ) with 0 ≤ i ≤ 12 .

摘要 : Herein, for the first time, a ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was synthesized from nerol, menthol and formic acid, and was modulated by surfactant trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). A novel hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the NADES (SM-NADES-HF-LLLME) was proposed to enrich trace bisphenols (BPs) residues in water and subsequently detected by HPLC. The modulation of NADES with TOPO significantly improved the extraction efficiency (average enrichment factor) of BPs by 51.6 %. After performing single-factor optimization, a Plackett-Burman design was carried out to screen out four key factors, which were further optimized and evaluated by a central composite design. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the proposed method exhibited good linear relationship in the ranges of 0.36–400 μg L −1 ( r 2 >0.9994). The limits of detection (LODs) at three times ratio of signal to noise ( S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) for bisphenol A, bisphenol E, bisphenol F and bisphenol S were ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 and 0.36–1.62 μg L −1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions ( n = 6) were less than 4.1 % with enrichment factors ranged from 173 to 192. Bisphenol A with concentration of 4.42–13.71 μg/L was detected in real water samples with good recoveries (90.4–105.6 %). The proposed SM-NADES-HF-LLLME/HPLC method proved to be a green alternative for the determination of bisphenoic compounds in environmental waters.

摘要 : The construction of S-scheme heterojunction can effectively retain higher oxidation and reduction potentials within a compound semiconductor system, exhibiting significant potential in photogenerated carrier separation. Herein, Bi 2 MoO 6 (BMO) nanosheets were grown in - situ on bulk hm-C 4 N 3 (hm-CN) by a one-step hydrothermal method, creating an extremely tight S-scheme heterojunction interface. This interface accelerates the photogenerated electron migration from BMO to hm-CN and inhibits photogenerated electron-hole complexation. DFT calculations confirm that S-scheme heterojunction exhibits the mechanism of charge density modulation for hm-CN, with more electrons enrich on the central C atom. Meanwhile, the energy barrier for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is reduced from 0.82 eV to 0.59 eV. Consequently, the optimized BMO/CN-150 photocatalyst exhibits the highest performance enhancement in CO 2 photoreduction to CO and CH 4, which is 14.5 times (CO) and 16.1 times (CH 4 ) of the hm-CN monomer and maintains exception stability over 24 h. This study provides an effective strategy to utilize the charge transfer interaction between heterojunctions to precisely modulate the charge density of a certain component and thus design efficient artificial photosynthesis catalysts.

摘要 : Preloading the flocs on the membrane surface is beneficial to enhance the removal of contaminants and alleviate membrane fouling in the membrane-filtration process, but the appropriate flocs and its mechanism of action need to be further clarified. The present study first focused on the flocs generated by titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) with PFS and PACl as comparation. Three flocs were separately pre-loaded on the ultrafiltration membrane to explore their performance of removing four toxic heavy metals (As(III), As(V), Sb(III) and Sb(V)) and alleviating membrane fouling. Results showed that the flocs produced by TXC and PFS could adsorb toxic oxygenates continuously, and the removal performance of TXC flocs is better than that of PFS, while the removal performance of PACl flocs is limited. After long-term operation, the membrane fouling of pre-loaded TXC floc was minimal, and the irreversible fouling was 1/3 and 1/6 of that of PFS and PACl, respectively. Meanwhile, the backwash time was 2.0 and 2.2 times longer than PFS and PACl, respectively. The mechanism of membrane fouling alleviation by floc preloading was clarified by floc characterization and model calculations. According to the n value in the model after fitting, an intermediate blocking mechanism dominated with the larger and more loose flocs in TXC system (n = 1.54), while a complete pore blocking mechanism dominated in the PFS (n = 1.98) and PACl (n = 2.11) systems. The results demonstrated that preloading the TXC flocs were superior to that of PFS and PACl in the membrane-filtration process.

摘要 : The traditional membrane bioreactor (MBR) process often adopts high-energy aerobic aeration flushing to alleviate membrane fouling. And how to achieve low-carbon and low-energy operation of MBR process is the key to achieve large-scale application. The LEP-N-MBR (Low energy 100 %-PTFE no-aeration/aeration membrane bioreactor) system is constructed by vibrating membrane bioreactor (VMBR) and aeration membrane bioreactor (AMBR). The operating parameters contained with different C/N (COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/TN, Total Nitrogen), HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) were selected. When the C/N was 10, HRT was 3 h, and MLSS was 3000 mg/L, both AMBR and VMBR systems demonstrated optimal operating efficacy. However, the VMBR system operates better than AMBR. The PN/PS (Protein/Polysaccharide) of sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the VMBR and AMBR stabilized at 2.00–3.50 with increasing C/N. However, due to high load of organic matter concentration, the PN/PS was dramatically increased to 12 at HRT = 2h. The amount of SMP (soluble microbial products) and EPS extracted on VMBR membranes was always less than AMBR. Compared to AMBR, VMBR showed stronger regional collaboration among core genera. The microbial network co-occurrence map showed a short average path length and a high clustering coefficient.

摘要 : The capture and conversion of CO 2 are crucial for achieving carbon reduction targets. Currently, porous carbon is regarded as the most promising material for CO 2 capture, but it is limited by the lack of effective catalytic conversion functional sites. Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) are considered the most promising metal-free catalysts for CO 2 conversion, but homogeneous catalytic systems fall short of meeting industrial demands. To address this, this paper selected zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) derived N-doped porous carbon (ZIF-8-C and ZIF-67-C) as Lewis base and subsequently introduces B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 to construct B/N-based FLPs, namely ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs. This approach aimed to simultaneously enhance the catalytic conversion ability of porous carbon towards CO 2 and the heterogenization of FLPs. These ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs exhibited exceptional CO 2 capture capacity, with CO 2 adsorption capacities of 57.4 and 41.2 cm 3 /g at 273.15 K and 1 bar, respectively. Additionally, ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs were utilized to catalyze the preparation of benzimidazole and benzoxazole from o-phenylenediamine and o-aminophenol with CO 2, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance (yields above 86 %) and recyclability (at least 8 cycles).

摘要 : We developed an Optical Emission Spectroscopy with a Collision Radiation Model (OES-CRM) approach to investigate the discharge characteristics of plasmas in argon. Utilizing a CCD camera, we captured two-dimensional images of spectral line intensities, enabling the analysis of plasma electron density and electron temperature distributions. Our study explored variations in these parameters, along with their two-dimensional spatial distributions, under varying external conditions in radio-frequency atmospheric pressure capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP). The findings revealed that alterations in power, electrode gap, and dielectric thickness significantly influenced the parameters, two-dimensional distributions, and the power required for plasma mode transitions. Furthermore, we extended this methodology to columnar discharge between parallel dielectric barrier electrodes, radio-frequency jet discharges, and a CCP operating at 200 Pa in argon.

摘要 : The integration of radical and non-radical processes stands out as an advanced avenue that leverages the strengths of each for synergistic environmental remediation. Transition metal cobalt-based materials usually behave as robust Fenton-like catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, unfortunately, they predominantly follow free radical path. Herein, a unique intimate interface was constructed to change the interfacial electron spatial structure of cobalt sulfide/carbon nitride (CoSCN), providing the appropriate PMS affinity to mainly generate the non-radical of singlet oxygen. Consequently, the CoSCN 0.5 shows an excellent degradation efficiency of tetracycline with k of 0.48 min −1, which is 64.4 and 29.3 times that of carbon nitride and cobalt disulfide, respectively. The radical (hydroxyl and sulfate radicals) and non-radical (singlet oxygen) pathway synergistically reduce the toxicity of degradation intermediates. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the cleavage of S − O bond and dehydrogenation is the dominant pathway for singlet oxygen formation. The continuous degradation membrane reactor is further established to demonstrate their application potential. This work provides a deeper understanding of PMS activation chemistry for efficiently wastewater remediation.

摘要 : Non-volatile memory based on phase-change materials can realize in-memory computing, beneficial for the breakthrough of "memory wall". Nevertheless, achieving both rapid write/erase speeds and thermal stability poses challenges for in-memory computing, particularly in high-temperature application areas. This study introduces a novel optoelectronic hybrid phase-change memory utilizing N-doped Sb 4 Te material. Results show that N doped Sb 4 Te film has the crystallization temperature of 207.1 °C, data-retention of 156.9 °C@10-year, much smaller volume-change rate of 0.5 %, and low resistance drift coefficient (0.06 @ 85 °C, 0.12 @ 125 °C and 0.18 @ 150 °C) when the N content is 4.73 at.%. The memory device cell exhibits SET and RESET speeds of 52 ps and 13 ps, respectively, boasting a resistance ratio exceeding 100 when transitioning from the RESET to the SET state. Structural analysis reveals that N atoms can infiltrate lattice interstices, enhancing the degree of disorder in amorphous phase, effectively hindering grain growth and resulting in a minimization of grain size. This process enhances the thermal stability of amorphous N-doped Sb 4 Te films. Additionally, the polyhedral structure formed by Sb groups facilitates an ultrafast phase change process. Consequently, N-doped Sb 4 Te-based optoelectronic hybrid phase-change memory, characterized by excellent thermal stability and fast operation speed, could offer a promising solution for in-memory computing.