摘要 : In drone-based multi-object detection, densely distributed and heavily occluded targets often lead to fragmented feature representations and missed detections. To address these challenges, a Dense Receptive Occlusion Network (DRONet) is proposed for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery. DRONet builds on the RT-DETR framework and introduces three modules specifically designed for dense and occluded aerial scenes. Firstly, an Occlusion-Aware KANC Block (OAKB) is integrated into a ResNet18 backbone. By combining Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks with GRAM polynomial expansion, OAKB enhances the discrimination of fragmented and occluded targets while alleviating the latency bottleneck of vanilla KAN. Secondly, a Perceptual Spatial Integration (PSI) module is developed for the feature fusion network. PSI replaces simple concatenation with partial convolution and channel mixing across multiple scales to selectively strengthen small-object features in cluttered backgrounds. Finally, a Scalable Dilated Efficient Aggregation (SDEA) module aggregates deep features using multi-rate dilated convolutions and structural re-parameterization, enlarging the effective receptive field for small and occluded objects without increasing inference-time complexity. Experiments on the VisDrone and CARPK datasets demonstrate that DRONet achieves mAP50 scores of 50.1% and 98.7%, outperforming the RT-DETR baseline by 3.1% and 0.7%, and surpassing recent UAV-specific detectors while maintaining 60 FPS. These results confirm that DRONet improves both detection precision and stability in densely occluded drone scenes. The source code and pre-trained models will be made publicly available upon the acceptance of this manuscript.

摘要 : Janus membranes have attracted extensive attention due to their broad applications in multiple fields. However, their practical utility is often hampered by low positive liquid transport rates (less than 1 μL/s), which severely limits their practical applications in real-world scenarios such as baby urine drainage and diabetic wound exudate management. Herein, a Janus membrane with a large pore array enabling ultrafast unidirectional liquid transport was demonstrated. Specifically, we utilized commercially available hydrophobic cotton fabrics to construct Janus membranes through femtosecond laser microprocessing method. The as-prepared large-pore Janus membrane (LPJM) with pore size larger than 0.3 mm exhibited ultrafast liquid transport speed of > 20 μL/s, capable of transporting 4 μL water completely in < 0.2 s in the positive direction, which was about 45 times faster than the conventional Janus membrane (CJM) made of same material. The LPJM maintains this exceptional performance over at least 15 permeation cycles, demonstrating robust reusability. Furthermore, the large transport channels of LPJM facilitate a continuous, high-flow-rate liquid passage of up to 3000 μL/min with minimal residual liquid retention. This work provides critical inspiration for developing high-performance Janus membranes capable of efficient fluid handling in demanding real-world scenarios.

摘要 : To explore the feasibility of enhancing the electroactivity of coffee ground biochar (CBC)-based carbon mats through controlled incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), various carbon mats consisting of powdered activated carbon (PAC), CBC, and rGO were fabricated and applied for the removal of representative antibiotics via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under continuous filtration. The effects of the operational modes, water matrices, and target pollutant types on the performance of cathodic electroactive membranes were systematically investigated under limited carbon loading. Results indicated that non-radical singlet oxygen attack and surface-confined oxidation were the dominant pathways for target pollutant removal by CBC/rGO electroactive membranes. The membranes exhibited distinct oxidative selectivity, with a higher oxidation capacity for electron-donating group-bearing sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole: 96.2% removal) than for electron-withdrawing group-bearing fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin: 62.6% removal) over a short contact time within the carbon mats, as evidenced by the removal efficiencies of both target pollutants and dissolved organic carbon. Density functional theory calculations and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that antibiotic degradation involves hydroxylation, C–N/C–O bond cleavage, and aromatic ring opening, which are closely correlated with the structural and electronic properties of the target pollutants. Notably, Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships toxicity predictions demonstrated that several degradation intermediates posed higher developmental and mutagenic toxicity risks than their parent compounds, thereby highlighting the necessity of regulating the oxidative selectivity in electroactive membranes and developing effective post-treatment processes for filtrates to mitigate such toxic risks.

摘要 : With the rapid advancement of 3D printing, concrete is required to bear significant stress loads during its early-age period. The high stress creep failure behavior is directly associated with the structural stability and build ability requirements of 3D printed concrete elements during layer deposition. Nonlinear creep manifests in concrete subjected to high stresses. This process results in the accumulation of damage, which culminates in creep failure of concrete materials. However, limited information exists on this phenomenon in alkali-activated slag concrete. In this study, the creep failure of alkali-activated slag concrete under high uniaxial stress was investigated, and the creep failure characteristics of alkali-activated slag concrete were obtained. Additionally, the effects of loading age and stress ratio were investigated. The failure mechanism, creep coefficient, and nominal Poisson's ratio of alkali-activated slag concrete specimens were investigated. Findings indicated that as age increases, the influence of loading age on the nonlinear creep of alkali-activated slag concrete progressively diminishes. Stress levels significantly affect the nonlinear creep of alkali-activated slag concrete. Specifically, when the stress level reached 0.95 f c, the alkali-activated slag concrete specimen failed after sustaining the load for a few seconds. During the creep phase, the circumferential creep coefficient and nominal Poisson's ratio of the specimen exhibited a substantial increase, with the circumferential creep coefficient markedly exceeding the axial creep coefficient. Furthermore, the specimens exhibited significant lateral expansion upon destruction. Non-destructive and crack analyses were conducted to identify the creep-failure mechanism. The creep-failure study indicated that the propagation of microcracks inside the specimen influenced the nonlinear creep and creep-failure characteristics of alkali-activated slag concrete specimens subjected to high sustained compressive stress. The deterioration of the adhesive substance between particles progressively culminated in extensive fractures, which resulted in creep failure.

摘要 : This study investigates the optimization of interfacial adhesion between degradable silk fibroin (SF) coatings and polyurethane (PU) substrates through controlled surface roughness engineering. By systematically varying substrate roughness (P180–P800 grit), we demonstrate that intermediate roughness (P400–P600, Sa ≈ 0.9 μm) maximizes adhesion via mechanical interlocking, achieving a 40% reduction in fracture area compared to extreme roughness levels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirms hydrogen bonding between SF's amide groups and PU's urethane linkages, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) reveals crack-free coatings due to controlled drying (10°C, 50% RH). White Light Interferometry (WLI) quantifies roughness gradients, with P600 substrates exhibiting optimal stress redistribution, 78.7μN critical delamination loads in nanoscratch tests and 1.7 MPa the adhesion strength in peel stress test. These findings establish a tripartite adhesion mechanism—combining mechanical interlocking, wettability optimization, and defect minimization—thereby providing a robust solution to the critical challenge of coating delamination in neural implants.

摘要 : While organic phosphorus (OP) is increasingly identified as a critical driver of eutrophication due to its high bioavailability, traditional remediation strategies predominantly target inorganic phosphate (IP). Herein, a novel calcium‐lanthanum peroxide modified halloysite nanocomposite (CLPH) was developed for the synchronous removal of IP and OP from aqueous systems. Batch experiments revealed superior adsorption capacities for both phosphate (P i , 65.29 mg-P/g) and Myo -inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP, employed as a model OP, 59.40 mg-P/g), surpassing the hydroxide-based analogue (CLH). Furthermore, CLPH demonstrated excellent selectivity in the presence of competing ions and natural organic matter. Mechanistic analysis indicated that P removal is governed by electrostatic attraction, inner-sphere complexation, and surface precipitation. Crucially, IHP removal was found to involve partial catalytic hydrolysis into P i followed by subsequent capture, validating the reactive sequestration mechanism. In real waster matrices, CLPH reduced total P in surface water to below 0.02 mg-P/L within 180 min, and lowered P concentrations in raw sewage and secondary effluent to below 0.30 and 0.05 mg-P/L, respectively, achieving over 98% removal of dissolved OP. These results position CLPH as a promising bifunctional material for mitigating eutrophication through the reactive sequestration of IP and OP.

摘要 : Heavy metal pollution poses persistent threats to both aquatic ecosystems and human health due to its high toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation. Environmental risk is primarily determined by the bioavailable metal fractions that organisms assimilate, rather than total metal concentrations. Whole-cell bioreporters, which directly capture the organism's physiological response to heavy metal exposure, are crucial for accurate assessment of bioavailability. However, ubiquitous inorganic cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) and dissolved organic matter (DOM, represented by humic acid, HA) in aquatic environments significantly influence the bioavailability of heavy metals. This study investigated the impact of these environmental factors on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) using bioreporter assays. Single-factor experiments demonstrated that Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ exert concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on all target metals, with Ca 2+ showing the strongest suppression of Zn bioavailability. Na + and K + exhibited nonlinear effects, modestly enhancing the bioavailability of Ni and Zn at low concentrations, but suppressing the bioavailability of Cd at higher concentrations. HA reduced Cd bioavailability primarily through complexation. In multi-factor tests with a fixed HA concentration (44 μmol/L), increasing Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ levels competed with HA for metal complexation sites, resulting in metal desorption and increased bioavailability (an antagonistic interaction). However, at excessive cation concentrations (Ca 2+ > 2.49 mmol/L' Mg 2+ > 6.17 mmol/L), competition shifted toward binding sites on the bioreporter cell membrane, resulting in synergistic suppression and causing significant discrepancies between bioreporter measurements and model predictions. This study elucidates the complex regulatory mechanisms governing metal bioavailability within the cation–DOM–metal ternary system, confirms the robustness of bioreporter assays in complex water matrices, and provides a theoretical foundation and technical framework for the development of precise environmental risk assessment models.

摘要 : Nannochloropsis Oceanica ( N. Oceanica ), widely distributed across global marine environments, is rich in proteins and amino acids, serving as an excellent source of nitrogen self-doped biomass carbon. Further modification and optimization of this microalga for constructing high-performance sensing platforms hold significant research and practical implications. This study strategically employs iron doping during low-temperature carbonization to modulate the structural and electronic properties of N. Oceanica -derived carbon. Results demonstrate that varying iron concentrations greatly accelerates graphitization, tailors the pore architecture, and significantly increases the specific surface area, thereby creating abundant catalytic active sites. The optimized iron-doped carbon material serves as a highly effective electrocatalyst when integrating into silk fabric-based screen-printed electrodes. These biosensors achieve exceptional dopamine (DA) detection performance, featuring a remarkably low detection limit (3 nM) and a broad linear range (0.01–2000 μM). Crucially, mechanistic analysis reveals that iron facilitates electrocatalytic activity and significantly enhance charge-transfer efficiency, thereby significantly boosting catalytic ability. This work establishes a novel, low-temperature iron-doping strategy for transforming biomass carbon into a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-performance platform for flexible electrochemical DA biosensors, paving a way for advanced bioanalytical applications.

摘要 : The occurrence of antibiotics and the proliferation of harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments raise significant concerns regarding their potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Here, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, BiOCl 1-x I x /CAU-17 (CAUB-x), was successfully constructed using a combined solvothermal and in situ growth strategy. An intimate interfacial contact between CAU-17 and BiOCl 1-x I x was achieved via Bi–Cl covalent bonds, which establishes a direct Z-scheme charge transfer pathway. The optimized CAUB-0.3 sample achieved a high tetracycline (TC) degradation rate of 90.87 ± 2.24 % within 90 min under UV light, demonstrating its excellent photocatalytic activity. Additionally, CAUB-0.3 acts by inducing oxidative stress through generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), effectively disrupting both the cellular structure and antioxidant system of Microcystis aeruginosa , resulting in its inactivation. This work provides a novel strategy for developing dual-purpose photocatalysts that are both efficient and stable for concurrently degrading antibiotics and controlling algal blooms.

摘要 : Ginkgolide B (GB), a unique cage-structured diterpenoid lactone from Ginkgo biloba , exerts potent multi-target pharmacological effects (anti-platelet aggregation, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, ferroptosis-inhibiting) with high safety, holding great promise for treating complex diseases such as cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. However, its clinical translation and industrialization are severely hindered by inherent bottlenecks, namely low oral bioavailability, poor blood-brain barrier penetration, and extremely low natural extraction yield. Distinct from existing fragmented reviews, this work focuses on constructing an integrated framework of from structure-activity relationship and preparation/purification technology to pharmacological mechanism and clinical transformation strategy. It systematically summarizes the structural basis of multi-pathway synergistic effects centered on platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) antagonism, compares the advantages and limitations of extraction, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis technologies, and clarifies the core molecular mechanisms of its pharmacological activities through in vitro / in vivo evidence. Key conclusions highlight that novel formulation strategies, rational structural modification, and standardized experimental protocols are critical to overcoming GB's defects. This review provides novel insights for clinical translation: guiding the development of brain-targeted or organ-specific delivery systems, offering structural guidance for high-bioavailability derivatives, and establishing a standardized research system to reduce inter-study heterogeneity. Ultimately, it bridges the gap between basic research and clinical application, laying a foundational reference for GB's rational utilization in precision medicine and the development of novel GB-based therapeutics.