摘要 : The metal–carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy–density energy storage devices, enable direct CO2 utilization, offering promising prospects for CO2 capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO2 batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO2 batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO2 battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO2 batteries.

摘要 : Studying the contribution of regional transport to ultrafine particles (UFPs) and the deposition effect of nanoscale particles in human respiratory system is conducive to exploring the impact of atmospheric particles on the environment and human health. Based on the data set of number concentration spectrum in the particle size range of 5.6–560 nm in the spring of Hefei, the Yangtze River Delta region obtained by a fast mobility particle sizer, the explosive growth characteristics, potential source identification and deposition flux analysis of UFPs were systematically studied. The results showed that the frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events during spring was 31.5 %. SO 2 and O 3 contribute to NPF events. Daytime, higher temperature, stronger solar radiation and lower humidity were more conducive to the explosive growth of UFPs. In addition, regional transport of pollutants from the cities around Hefei played an important role in the accumulation mode particles, which were mainly affected by the land-source air mass from northwest Jiangsu (23.64 %) and the sea-source air mass from the Yellow Sea (23.99 %). It was worth noting that approximately 10, 406 ng of UFPs enters the human respiratory system every day. The main deposition area of 5.6–560 nm nanoscale particles was alveolar, 5.6–400 nm is more likely to be deposited on alveolar, while nanoscale particles with particle size between 400 and 560 nm is more likely to be deposited on head airways. This study identified the deposition risk of nanoscale particles in the respiratory system under different particle sizes.

摘要 : Recently, Dockery, Jameson, Sellers and Wilson introduced new combinatorial objects called d -fold partition diamonds, which generalize both the classical partition function and the plane partition diamonds of Andrews, Paule and Riese. They also investigated a partition function s d ( n ) which counts the number of Schmidt type d -fold partition diamonds of n . They presented the generating functions of s d ( n ) and proved several congruences for s d ( n ) . At the end of their paper, they posed a conjecture on congruences modulo 7 for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) and s 6 k + 2 ( n ) . In this paper, we prove the conjectural congruences for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) by using two methods: an elementary proof based on a result of Garvan and an algorithmic proof based on the Mathematica package RaduRK by Smoot. We also give an algorithmic proof of the conjectural congruences for s 6 k + 2 ( n ) by utilizing Smoot's Mathematica package RaduRK. In addition, we prove new infinite families of congruences modulo 7 for s 6 k + 1 ( n ) and prove that s 6 k + 1 ( 7 n + 3 ) 7 takes integer values with probability 1 for n ≥ 0 . Moreover, we show that there exist infinitely many integers r i such that s 12 k + 1 ( r i ) ≡ i ( mod 13 ) with 0 ≤ i ≤ 12 .

摘要 : Ce, Cr: Y 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 (Ce, Cr: YAGG) as a new long afterglow material has a considerable developing potential in the fields of emergency indicator, optical information storage and bio-imaging, etc. However, short afterglow duration time and low afterglow brightness have become the key bottlenecks hindering its real applications. In this study, a high initial brightness of 6243.5 mcd/m 2 and a long duration time of nearly 30 h were obtained in Ce, Cr: YAGG transparent ceramics (after being excited by a 460 nm Xe lamp for 10 min). The afterglow performances of Ce, Cr: YAGG ceramic could be significantly promoted by elevating sintering temperature, applying TEOS as sintering additive and adopting HIP sintering. More oxygen vacancies (relative amount of 32.9 %) within ceramic, compared to vacuum sintering (16.1 %), and Si induced charge compensation of Cr synergetically reinforced afterglow performance of ceramic, while ceramic transparency had a negative impact on it. A competition relationship between the "volume effect" and "light-extraction effect" was revealed in the thick and transparent afterglow medium. A new design strategy for enhancing afterglow performances of long afterglow transparent ceramics was proposed in this study.

摘要 : Herein, for the first time, a ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was synthesized from nerol, menthol and formic acid, and was modulated by surfactant trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). A novel hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction method based on the NADES (SM-NADES-HF-LLLME) was proposed to enrich trace bisphenols (BPs) residues in water and subsequently detected by HPLC. The modulation of NADES with TOPO significantly improved the extraction efficiency (average enrichment factor) of BPs by 51.6 %. After performing single-factor optimization, a Plackett-Burman design was carried out to screen out four key factors, which were further optimized and evaluated by a central composite design. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the proposed method exhibited good linear relationship in the ranges of 0.36–400 μg L −1 ( r 2 >0.9994). The limits of detection (LODs) at three times ratio of signal to noise ( S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) for bisphenol A, bisphenol E, bisphenol F and bisphenol S were ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 and 0.36–1.62 μg L −1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions ( n = 6) were less than 4.1 % with enrichment factors ranged from 173 to 192. Bisphenol A with concentration of 4.42–13.71 μg/L was detected in real water samples with good recoveries (90.4–105.6 %). The proposed SM-NADES-HF-LLLME/HPLC method proved to be a green alternative for the determination of bisphenoic compounds in environmental waters.

摘要 : The construction of S-scheme heterojunction can effectively retain higher oxidation and reduction potentials within a compound semiconductor system, exhibiting significant potential in photogenerated carrier separation. Herein, Bi 2 MoO 6 (BMO) nanosheets were grown in - situ on bulk hm-C 4 N 3 (hm-CN) by a one-step hydrothermal method, creating an extremely tight S-scheme heterojunction interface. This interface accelerates the photogenerated electron migration from BMO to hm-CN and inhibits photogenerated electron-hole complexation. DFT calculations confirm that S-scheme heterojunction exhibits the mechanism of charge density modulation for hm-CN, with more electrons enrich on the central C atom. Meanwhile, the energy barrier for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is reduced from 0.82 eV to 0.59 eV. Consequently, the optimized BMO/CN-150 photocatalyst exhibits the highest performance enhancement in CO 2 photoreduction to CO and CH 4, which is 14.5 times (CO) and 16.1 times (CH 4 ) of the hm-CN monomer and maintains exception stability over 24 h. This study provides an effective strategy to utilize the charge transfer interaction between heterojunctions to precisely modulate the charge density of a certain component and thus design efficient artificial photosynthesis catalysts.

摘要 : Preloading the flocs on the membrane surface is beneficial to enhance the removal of contaminants and alleviate membrane fouling in the membrane-filtration process, but the appropriate flocs and its mechanism of action need to be further clarified. The present study first focused on the flocs generated by titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) with PFS and PACl as comparation. Three flocs were separately pre-loaded on the ultrafiltration membrane to explore their performance of removing four toxic heavy metals (As(III), As(V), Sb(III) and Sb(V)) and alleviating membrane fouling. Results showed that the flocs produced by TXC and PFS could adsorb toxic oxygenates continuously, and the removal performance of TXC flocs is better than that of PFS, while the removal performance of PACl flocs is limited. After long-term operation, the membrane fouling of pre-loaded TXC floc was minimal, and the irreversible fouling was 1/3 and 1/6 of that of PFS and PACl, respectively. Meanwhile, the backwash time was 2.0 and 2.2 times longer than PFS and PACl, respectively. The mechanism of membrane fouling alleviation by floc preloading was clarified by floc characterization and model calculations. According to the n value in the model after fitting, an intermediate blocking mechanism dominated with the larger and more loose flocs in TXC system (n = 1.54), while a complete pore blocking mechanism dominated in the PFS (n = 1.98) and PACl (n = 2.11) systems. The results demonstrated that preloading the TXC flocs were superior to that of PFS and PACl in the membrane-filtration process.

摘要 : Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have well-dispersed active sites and porous nanostructure. Reasonable design and construction of the nanostructure of PBAs is a promising option to obtain cost-effective electrocatalysts for high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nevertheless, current structural engineering is costly and complex due to the inevitable involvement of additional etching agents or procedures. In this paper, a simple temperature-control strategy without additional etchant, is presented for the preparation of hollow CoFe-PBA precursors with porous nanobox structure, and then the hollow CoFe-PBA@NiFeRu-LDH nanoboxes (named as CoFe-PBA@NiFeRu-LDH NBs) heterogeneous catalyst is obtained. The preferable composition and structure provide more accessible active sites and better electronic structure for OER. As a result, the optimized CoFe-PBA@NiFeRu-LDH NBs demonstrates an impressive ability to accelerate OER in alkaline electrolyte with a minimal overpotential (219 mV at 10 mA cm −2 ) and excellent stability. More importantly, by combining CoFe-PBA@NiFeRu-LDH NBs with Pt/C for overall water electrolysis, an ultra-low voltage (1.52 V at 10 mA cm −2 ) is required. This study offers a facile and effective idea for chemical and morphological control in the manufacture of efficient electrocatalysts.

摘要 : The traditional membrane bioreactor (MBR) process often adopts high-energy aerobic aeration flushing to alleviate membrane fouling. And how to achieve low-carbon and low-energy operation of MBR process is the key to achieve large-scale application. The LEP-N-MBR (Low energy 100 %-PTFE no-aeration/aeration membrane bioreactor) system is constructed by vibrating membrane bioreactor (VMBR) and aeration membrane bioreactor (AMBR). The operating parameters contained with different C/N (COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/TN, Total Nitrogen), HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) and MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) were selected. When the C/N was 10, HRT was 3 h, and MLSS was 3000 mg/L, both AMBR and VMBR systems demonstrated optimal operating efficacy. However, the VMBR system operates better than AMBR. The PN/PS (Protein/Polysaccharide) of sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the VMBR and AMBR stabilized at 2.00–3.50 with increasing C/N. However, due to high load of organic matter concentration, the PN/PS was dramatically increased to 12 at HRT = 2h. The amount of SMP (soluble microbial products) and EPS extracted on VMBR membranes was always less than AMBR. Compared to AMBR, VMBR showed stronger regional collaboration among core genera. The microbial network co-occurrence map showed a short average path length and a high clustering coefficient.

摘要 : The capture and conversion of CO 2 are crucial for achieving carbon reduction targets. Currently, porous carbon is regarded as the most promising material for CO 2 capture, but it is limited by the lack of effective catalytic conversion functional sites. Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) are considered the most promising metal-free catalysts for CO 2 conversion, but homogeneous catalytic systems fall short of meeting industrial demands. To address this, this paper selected zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) derived N-doped porous carbon (ZIF-8-C and ZIF-67-C) as Lewis base and subsequently introduces B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 to construct B/N-based FLPs, namely ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs. This approach aimed to simultaneously enhance the catalytic conversion ability of porous carbon towards CO 2 and the heterogenization of FLPs. These ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs exhibited exceptional CO 2 capture capacity, with CO 2 adsorption capacities of 57.4 and 41.2 cm 3 /g at 273.15 K and 1 bar, respectively. Additionally, ZIF-8-C-FLPs and ZIF-67-C-FLPs were utilized to catalyze the preparation of benzimidazole and benzoxazole from o-phenylenediamine and o-aminophenol with CO 2, demonstrating excellent catalytic performance (yields above 86 %) and recyclability (at least 8 cycles).