摘要 : The metal–carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy–density energy storage devices, enable direct CO2 utilization, offering promising prospects for CO2 capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO2 batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO2 batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO2 battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO2 batteries.

摘要 : Tandem catalysis reaction, which integrates two consecutive steps into a single one, can efficiently eliminate the separation of intermediate products, shortening the reaction time and decreasing energy expenditure. Therefore, the development of an efficient method for catalyzing tandem conversion of alkenes to prepare 1, 2-diols is extremely fascinating. In this work, we reported the hydrothermal synthesis of tin-tungsten oxide catalysts at different pH values and their application as bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot tandem catalysis of alkenes to 1, 2-diols. The SnWO 4 catalyst prepared at pH = 5 revealed the best tandem conversion performance and could attain a 95.4 % of cyclohexene conversion as well as a 77.2 % of 1, 2-cyclohexanediol selectivity within 4 h of reaction. A possible mechanism corresponding to the tandem catalytic conversion of cyclohexene into 1, 2-cyclohexanediol over SnWO 4 catalyst was proposed. Moreover, quenching experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in-situ infrared characterizations were further utilized to verify the reaction mechanism. Sn(II) could stabilize tungstate through the formation of W-O-Sn bonds and effectively reduced the energy of tungsten active centre binding to hydrogen peroxide, promoting the tandem catalysis reaction of cyclohexene to 1, 2-cyclohexanediol. In addition, the one-pot tandem catalysis system could be further extended to the majority of linear and cyclic alkene substrates. This work can give a basis for the development of more green and efficient tandem conversion reaction of alkenes into 1, 2-diols.

摘要 : Developing cost-effective, non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) is crucial for advancing fuel cells and metal-air batteries. This study presents three asymmetric iron pentafluorophenyl porphyrin-based composite electrocatalysts, FePorG1–3/CNT, synthesized with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that FePorG3, featuring a triphenylamine (TPA) donor, exhibits the narrowest HOMO-LUMO energy gap (2.18 eV) among the investigated materials. Structural characterization via couples of spectroscopic measurements confirms the successful attachment of the porphyrins to the carbon support. Electrochemical studies in 0.1 M KOH demonstrate that FePorG3/CNT achieves an onset potential of 0.79 V vs RHE, a half-wave potential of 0.66 V vs RHE, and a diffusion-limited current density of 3.43 mA cm –2, which are better than FePorG1/CNT and FePorG2/CNT . Tafel slope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements highlight the superior kinetics of FePorG3/CNT . Importantly, all three composites follow close to 4e – reduction pathway with minimal peroxide generation. The findings underscore the efficacy of asymmetric iron porphyrins towards oxygen reduction and offer rational molecular design strategies for optimizing their catalytic performance.

摘要 : This study investigates the hydrodynamics features and the floodplain connectivity of a natural compound channel under unsteady flood conditions using a two-dimensional shallow water equation model and a Lagrangian particle tracking method. Two flood events in 2019 in the middle reach of the Ganjiang River in China were simulated. The results show that during the rising stage, flow first passed through the low-lying areas of the floodplain. The floodplain discharge ratio increased almost linearly with the depth ratio between the floodplain and main channel when the floodplain was not fully inundated. When the floodplain was fully inundated, a second linear relationship was found between the floodplain discharge ratio and depth ratio. During the falling stage, flow first moved back to the low-lying floodplain and main channel before fully receding from the floodplain. The sequence of peak velocity, discharge and stage in unsteady flow lee to higher velocities, lower depths, and shorter residence times during the rising limb compared to those in the falling limb at the same discharge. The threshold discharge for floodplain inundation was during the rising stage larger than during the falling stage. The shortest particle residence time was observed at the flood peak, while the residence time in the rising stage was longer than in the falling stage. The particle travel distance was similar at different stages. The exchange flux between the river and floodplain increased with inflow discharge following a power law relationship. The ratio of exchange flux to inflow discharge also increased with inflow discharge up to an upper limit of 65.5 %. Particle residence time was negatively correlated with discharge following a power law with a lower limit of 2630 s, while particle travel distance is positively correlated with discharge following a power law with an upper limit of 2325 m. These findings shed light on the complex hydrodynamic processes and connectivity patterns in natural compound channels during unsteady flood conditions.

摘要 : Protein secondary structure prediction remains a pivotal concern within the domain of bioinformatics. In this innovative research, we introduce a novel methodology to further enhance a protein prediction model grounded in single sequences. Our key contribution lies in integrating the state-of-the-art (SOTA) model ESM2, which hails from the field of universal protein language models. By leveraging ESM2, we are able to acquire residual embeddings and contact maps for the protein sequences under study. Regarding the model architecture, we employ a unique dual-way U-Net framework for effective feature fusion. This framework is complemented by the integration of a cross-attention mechanism, enabling the model to capture more comprehensive context information. Furthermore, In accordance with the distinctive characteristics of protein sequences, we incorporate a so-called GCU_SE module into both the encoder and the decoder components of the model. These innovative enhancements enable the ProAttUnet model to outperform the benchmark model SPOT-1D-Single by 1.6%, 3.5%, 1.0%, 4.6%, and 7.2% for ss3, and by 5.5%, 7.8%, 4.1%, 8.1%, and 10.1% for ss8 across five test sets (SPOT-2016, SPOT-2016-HQ, SPOT-2018, SPOT-2018-HQ and TEST2018, respectively). This significant improvement vividly demonstrates the effectiveness and novelty of our proposed model.

摘要 : The phase equilibrium equation for methane hydrate (MH) is influenced by the pore size within soils and the physicochemical properties of the soil minerals. Therefore, we presented a semi-theoretical phase equilibrium equation for MH in sediments that accounts for both pore size and physicochemical characteristics. First, we examined the relationship between pore size and sample porosity, interparticle angles, and the shape of interparticle cementation. Subsequently, we characterized the relationships among pore size, water content, and the new phase equilibrium equation, considering capillary pressure and bound water content. Finally, we validated the phase equilibrium equation with experimental data available in the literature. Our findings indicate that low water content inhibits hydrate formation, while greater pore sizes enhance MH formation. Additionally, a simultaneous reduction in both pore size and water content significantly inhibits hydrate formation.

摘要 : Tungsten oxide is a unique hydrogen-sensitive material, with its resistivity and IR transmittance synchronously decreasing upon exposure to hydrogen. Its electrical response is sensitive to low concentrations hydrogen but saturates at high concentrations, while its optical response exhibits the opposite trend. Using pulsed laser deposition, WO 3-x with varying structure is prepared by controlling the deposition temperature and oxygen pressure over a wide range, and the influence of these structural parameters on the electrical and optical hydrogen-sensitive response behaviors are systematically studied. By controlling the deposition temperature and oxygen pressure, the surface morphology of WO 3-x can undergo a continuous transition from dense to porous films to nanowires to even microwires, and the crystal structure can change from amorphous to nanocrystalline and then re-fuse into micrometer-sized crystals, and the tungsten-oxygen ratio can also be continuously adjusted within the range of 1:2–1:3. Hydrogen sensitivity tests show these parameters all influence the optical and electrical synchronous response (OESR). This study not only confirms the feasibility of broadening the detection range of WO 3-x hydrogen sensors using OESR but also systematically elucidates the mapping relationship between WO 3-x structural parameters and its OESR, laying the foundation for further targeted design and control of hydrogen-sensitive performance.

摘要 : Lignin, the most abundant aromatic bio-polymer integral to plant defense, has recently attracted scientific attention for its antiviral potential. This emerging area of research presents a compelling opportunity to harness the inherent properties of lignin for therapeutic interventions against viral infections. Despite its demonstrated antiviral efficacy, the link between lignin's complex chemical structure and its mechanism of anti-viral action remains obscure. This review synthesizes the current knowledge about lignin's interaction with key pathogenic viruses, aiming to clarify how its structural heterogeneity influences anti-viral activity. This review delineates the underlying mechanisms of action and the role of specific chemical motifs in these processes by examining recent advances in lignin chemistry and its anti-viral effects. Understanding the anti-viral potential of lignin not only offers insights into novel strategies for combating viral infections but also holds promise for developing sustainable and eco-friendly anti-viral therapeutics. This knowledge opens new avenues for progress in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.

摘要 : The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) reflects the overall ability of food to resist oxidative damage, maintain quality and nutritional stability. In this work, we pioneered a Co Ni alloy-confined N-doped carbon nanozyme (CoNi@CNT-N/GO) with a self-cascade catalysis. Compared to other nanozymes, the synergistic effect of OXD and POD realized self-sustained generation of H 2 O 2, eliminating the need of exogenous addition, and further decomposition of H 2 O 2 into ·OH and oxidizes colorless 3, 3′, 5, 5′- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB as an efficient catalyst. The integration of multiple components and the built-in unique mechanism enhance bienzymatic activity. A "Thing Identify" APP was utilized to construct a smartphone-based visualization platform, demonstrating satisfactory linearity (0.01–1.2 mM) and low detection limit (3.3 μM) in TAC detection of real-world foods. This platform yielded data comparable to those from commercially colorimetric kits. Overall, it proposes a novel idea for engineering multi-functional and non-additional H 2 O 2 nanozymes in on-site food-quality monitoring.

摘要 : The prediction on bearing capacity of regolith on the Moon plays an important role in the design and construction of the future lunar base. However, the classical analytical methods are developed on Earth for terrestrial soils, which may be unable to predict the bearing capacity of lunar soil on the Moon since the gravity effect on the bearing behavior is excluded. Therefore, the assumptions in Prandtl's bearing capacity theory were first examined and the gravity effect on such assumptions was detailedly analyzed based on DEM simulations of plate loading tests under different gravity fields. Then a modified Prandtl's model considering the gravity effect was developed and verified with the experimental data under different gravity fields. The results showed that the modified Prandtl's model predicts bearing capacities within 50 % error of experimental data under different gravity fields, which implies that the modified Prandtl's model can well capture the gravity effect on the bearing capacity of lunar soil and its simulants.