摘要 : Heparin is widely used to address the inadequate blood compatibility of dialysis membranes in clinical therapy. However, it faces the challenge of balancing anticoagulation with the risk of bleeding. Herein, we constructed a heparin-like hydrogel layer on the surface of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes to enhance both antifouling properties and blood compatibility. Using acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as heparin-mimicking functional monomers, an in-situ interfacial free radical polymerization method was employed to generate a thin heparin-like hydrogel layer on the membrane surface. Characterization and evaluations revealed that the modified PES membranes exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and stability, and retained good permeability and antifouling properties. The multi-point anchored AA-AMPS layer formed an ultra-thin heparin-like interface, which significantly enhancing blood compatibility. Compared to unmodified membranes, the modified membranes demonstrated a significant reduction in blood clot formation upon blood contact, effectively inhibiting protein adsorption as well as platelet adhesion and deformation. Notably, coagulation times were markedly extended, with Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Thrombin Time (TT) increasing by 896 % and 954 %, respectively. This study presents a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method to fabricate blood-contacting surfaces with excellent blood compatibility, holding great potential to reduce heparin use in clinical dialysis.

摘要 : Nowadays, crack-based stretchable strain sensors (CBSSS) has being attracted intensive attention because they enable sensors to realize high sensitivity and wide sensing range. However, simultaneous achieving the excellent sensing performance and environmental stability of CBSSS is still a great challenge. In this study, microtube strain sensor decorated with microcracks on the inner wall (MSS-CIW) was fabricated, whose outer layer and inner wall are respectively TPU and MWCNTs based microcracks. Of note, such unique architecture not only endows the sensor with higher sensitivity (maximum G F of 26358) and a wider sensing range (strain from 0 to 400 %), but also effectively prevent the encroachment of external environments (e.g., water, chemicals and friction). Therefore, MSS-CIW has excellent static/dynamic environmental stability, durability and abrasion resistance. Moreover, based on MSS-CIW, a wearable underwater wireless monitoring system has been developed, which can be used for underwater communication, underwater respiration monitoring and fish motion monitoring. This work proposes a facile and efficient method for fabricating high sensing performance CBSSS that can work under severe environments, opening a new pathway to develop stretchable strain sensors following the concept of "Functionalized Processing for Thermoplastic Polymers".

摘要 : The integration of highly conductive fillers into rubber matrices presents a persistent corrosion challenge, particularly in marine environments where the stealth capabilities of weaponry and equipment are paramount. Drawing upon interface engineering principles, we propose an interlocking strategy to regulate multiple interfacial interactions (including dipole-dipole, electrostatic and chemical bonding) between methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) and metal particles. This approach facilitates molecular conformational transformation and ordering in VMQ composites, inducing stable dipole distribution at the interface and significantly enhancing vulcanization crosslinking and filler-matrix adhesion. The engineered VMQ/Ag@Al/MWCNTs composite demonstrates exceptional performance, maintaining EMI shielding effectiveness >100 dB after 240 h copper accelerated salt spray (CASS) test, while exhibiting superior mechanical properties (2.5 MPa breaking strength, 120 % elongation) compared to pure silicone rubber (0.43 MPa). Moreover, the composite resists molecular orientation complexity, interface instability, and performance degradation during extended environmental exposures, offering a novel multi-scale interface control method for advanced rubber matrix composites.

摘要 : The structural stability of carbon fiber (CF) surface modification is vital for carbon fiber reinforcement polymer composites with harsh processing environments. To achieve it, CF anchored with magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles is designed to be encapsulated with an in-situ synthesized MoS 2 @CNT-COOH nanonet (MCN). This encapsulation effectively prevents the shedding of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles during composite processing and guarantee the interface and property stability of the composite. Additionally, this hierarchical structure comprises respective active oxidation layers and significantly boosts the interfacial compatibility and stress transfer between CF and Polyamide 6 (PA6) resin. Consequently, the tensile strength of MCN@Fe 3 O 4 -CF/PA6 composites is enhanced by 23.9 % compared to those of untreated-CF/PA6 composites. The synergistic effect of the high MCN dielectric loss in the outer layer and the stable Fe 3 O 4 magnetic loss layer in the inner layer improves the composite electromagnetic wave (EMW) impedance matching and attenuation ability. The results present a minimum reflection loss value of −65.3 dB at a thinner thickness of 1.6 mm and maximum effective absorption bandwidth reaches 6.76 GHz at a thickness of 1.8 mm. The composite radar cross-section values are less than −10 dBm 2 at all tested detection angles. This CF surface modification method offers a novel and effective approach to manufacture high performance CF composite EMW absorbers with great stability.

摘要 : Porous polymeric materials are largely applied in various fields like energy storage/conversion, gas absorption/separation and catalysis. For specific applications like tissue engineering, porous fibers with directional microchannels are required to improve transport selectivity. However, the most commonly applied methods to generate porous structures inside polymer materials are all chemical solvent-related routes, at high cost of environment. Herein, we proposed a large-scale, chemical solvent-free, melt-processing method to continuously fabricated porous fibers with directional microchannel morphology. To do that, a HDPE with lower molecular weight (HDPE-L) was blended with PEO and directional microchannels were obtained after leaching PEO with deionized water. A HDPE with higher molecular weight (HDPE-H) was also studied as a reference (HDPE-H/PEO blend), which forms a microfibrillar morphology at same extrusion parameters. The multi-level crystalline structure was investigated for both types of fibers and the HDPE-H displays higher chain orientation, faster orientation kinetics, easier stretched-induced crystal phase transition and more orderly packed lamellae compared to HDPE-L. The different phase morphologies and crystalline structures in HDPE-H fibers and HDPE-L fibers are result of a phase inversion process in HDPE-H/PEO blend compared to HDPE-L/PEO blend, controlled by distinct molecular weight and rheological behavior of the two HDPEs. This work provides new insights into the control of phase morphology during polymer processing.

摘要 : Flexible stress sensors are attracting increasing attention in wearable electronics, smart healthcare, and soft robotics due to their excellent mechanical compliance, durability, and stability. However, under extreme temperatures (typically above 100°C or below −20°C), conventional flexible materials often suffer from conductivity decay, mechanical degradation, and structural failure, severely limiting their reliability and lifespan. To address these challenges, the development of flexible stress sensors that simultaneously offer mechanical flexibility and thermal stability has emerged as a critical area of research. This review highlights recent advances in flexible stress sensors with extreme temperature tolerance, with a particular focus on material platforms including polyimide, aramid nanofibers, hydrogels, ionogels, ceramics, and block copolymers. For each system, we discuss strategies in structural design, performance enhancement, and functional integration, while also outlining current limitations and future directions for advancing next-generation flexible sensing technologies and application under harsh thermal conditions.

摘要 : Utilizing interfacial solar evaporator (ISE) to produce freshwater represents an effective solution to mitigate water scarcity. A key design strategy for improving evaporation efficiency in ISEs involves reducing the evaporation enthalpy of water. Herein, we prepared evaporation layers with varying channel sizes by controlling the cooling temperature, using chitosan and MXene as raw materials crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. These evaporation layers were combined with a chitosan monolith (CM) featuring a honeycomb-like porous structure as the water transport layer, resulting in the successful fabrication of a innovative double-layered interfacial solar evaporator (DISE) which possesses splendid thermal localization ability. The integration of the bilayer structure in DISE enables the evaporation layer to minimize water evaporation enthalpy, while maximizing evaporation efficiency and enhancing salt rejection. Among the samples, DMCML -1 exhibited superior performance, attaining an evaporation rate of 3.01 kg m −2 h −1 under 1 kW m −2 simulated sunlight. It manifested excellent capabilities for seawater purification and wastewater recycling, maintaining stable evaporation rates over extended operational periods. This research not only provides an innovative method for the development of environmental, cost-effective, and high-efficiency ISEs but also addresses the challenge of balancing reduced evaporation enthalpy with enhanced water transport capacity, offering valuable insights for advancing the field.

摘要 : Titanium dioxide (TiO2) exhibits weak surface electron polarization and a poor response in the microwave region, resulting in its limited electromagnetic (EM) loss capability, which restricts its application in EM wave absorption. Recent research has revealed that the reduced phase of TiO2, denoted as TixO2x-1 (1≤x≤10), possesses both metallic and semiconducting properties. This duality, coupled with its relatively high electrical conductivity, positions TixO2x-1 as a promising candidate for the next generation of EM wave absorbers. However, current investigations into TixO2x-1 absorbers primarily focus on the EM property modulation of black TiO2 and its composites, while the influence of crystal structure, lattice defects, and band structure on the EM parameters and absorption performance of TixO2x-1 absorbers remains unclear. Consequently, there is a lack of a comprehensive TixO2x-1 absorber system both domestically and internationally. Based on the fundamental principles of EM wave absorption materials, this study discusses the crystal structure and formation mechanism of TixO2x-1 and defective TiO2, as required by semiconductor metal oxides. The paper summarizes the high-efficiency EM wave absorption properties of TiO2-derived TixO2x-1 absorbers with various texture designs, achieved through defect engineering and interface engineering. Focusing on the challenges of "poor absorbing performance" and "unclear absorbing mechanisms" in TixO2x-1 absorbers, this work aims to achieve optimal design of TixO2x-1 materials, enhance their absorbing capabilities, and establish an electromagnetic control mechanism for oxide-semiconductor absorbers. By employing methods such as defect regulation, compositional optimization, and interface design, multiple EM loss mechanisms including conductivity loss, dipole polarization, interface polarization, and coupling effects, are established and optimized. Accordingly, this approach improves the impedance matching and EM loss capabilities of TixO2x-1-based absorbers, ultimately resulting in absorbers with superior wave-absorbing performance. Finally, by integrating domestic and international research progress, this paper proposes a novel design strategy for TixO2x-1 absorbers, which holds significant implications for the future development and application of semiconductor metal oxide absorbers.

摘要 : Thermoelectric aerogel is a novel type of material that can achieve the interactive transformation between electrical energy and thermal energy. Due to its unique characteristics such as low density, low thermal conductivity, high elasticity, and excellent thermoelectric properties, now it has received extensive attention in different fields such as high-temperature energy harvesting, intelligent sensing, and self-powered systems. This paper reviews the working principle and latest research progress of thermoelectric aerogels, including structural design innovation, performance optimization, and expansion of application fields. It focuses on exploring the application potential of thermoelectric aerogels in wearable devices, high-temperature monitoring and early warning, energy harvesting and conversion, and looks forward to its future development directions.

摘要 : In this work, expanded graphite (EG) and nickel-coated graphite (Ni@G) are used to prepare asymmetric electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU). In the process of preparation, thermally expanded microspheres (TEMs) foams in situ to form closed foam cells. The density of EG is close to that of WPU and is uniformly dispersed in the whole composite. Ni@G is dense and deposited at the bottom of the material under gravity, providing magnetic loss. When the content of TEMs reaches 2 wt%, the density of the foam is less than 1, and the foam with the best absorbing capacity can be obtained. when its thickness is 2 mm, it has the minimum reflection loss of −69.9 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth of 5.04 GHz. In this article, a lightweight and efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption foam is prepared, which provides some ideas for EMW absorption.