摘要 : Nannochloropsis Oceanica ( N. Oceanica ), widely distributed across global marine environments, is rich in proteins and amino acids, serving as an excellent source of nitrogen self-doped biomass carbon. Further modification and optimization of this microalga for constructing high-performance sensing platforms hold significant research and practical implications. This study strategically employs iron doping during low-temperature carbonization to modulate the structural and electronic properties of N. Oceanica -derived carbon. Results demonstrate that varying iron concentrations greatly accelerates graphitization, tailors the pore architecture, and significantly increases the specific surface area, thereby creating abundant catalytic active sites. The optimized iron-doped carbon material serves as a highly effective electrocatalyst when integrating into silk fabric-based screen-printed electrodes. These biosensors achieve exceptional dopamine (DA) detection performance, featuring a remarkably low detection limit (3 nM) and a broad linear range (0.01–2000 μM). Crucially, mechanistic analysis reveals that iron facilitates electrocatalytic activity and significantly enhance charge-transfer efficiency, thereby significantly boosting catalytic ability. This work establishes a novel, low-temperature iron-doping strategy for transforming biomass carbon into a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-performance platform for flexible electrochemical DA biosensors, paving a way for advanced bioanalytical applications.

摘要 : CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are a class of rapidly developing new optoelectronic materials. By virtue of their excellent luminescent properties, they have found wide application in optoelectronic devices including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and micro/mini-LEDs. Covalent Organic Framework (COF) coating effectively addresses the issue of insufficient stability, while it suffers from small pores and low coating efficiency. Thus, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 1, 3, 3, 5-tetramethylbenzene (TMB) were employed as swelling restrictors, and a hierarchical microporous channel structure was constructed in the COF material. CsPbBr 3 NCs was synthesized in situ through room temperature supersaturation recrystallization, forming CsPbBr 3 @TC-COF composite materials. Therefore, the COF material's pore size expanded to a layered structure ranging from 10 to 20 nm, preventing the aggregation and quenching of nanocrystals, thus enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and stability of CsPbBr 3 NCs. Specifically, the PLQY of CsPbBr 3 @TC-COF composites increased significantly from 37.71% for pristine CsPbBr 3 to 90.35%. Even after 30 days of storage at room temperature, CsPbBr 3 @TC-COF composites maintained 53.26% of their initial PL intensity, compared to 22.41% for the pristine CsPbBr 3 NCs. Additionally, they exhibited excellent stability in several polar solvents. Ultimately, through the integration of CsPbBr 3 @TC-COF composites, K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ (KSF) red powder, and blue LEDs, a white LED (WLED) device was successfully fabricated. The device has an efficiency of 33.89 lm W −1 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4036 K, indicating that this composite material is highly likely to be an ideal choice for next-generation lighting and display technologies.

摘要 : MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression and have emerged as vital biomarkers for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of a wide range of diseases, including various cancers, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. To develop efficient biosensors for miRNA detection is imperative but the sensitivity and specificity still need to be improved due to the low content of miRNAs in patient samples with interferes. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have characteristics of unique porous structures, large surface areas, and facile surface functionalization, and have been widely used in sensitive and selective miRNA detection. This review summarizes recent advances in miRNA detection on MOF/COF-based nanomaterials. We first introduce the design strategies of MOF/COF-based nanomaterials, emphasizing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize their structures and synthesis protocols for more efficient functional design, and describe their advantages as sensing materials toward miRNAs. Then, we discuss recent development of MOF/COF-based nanomaterials in miRNA detection via different biosensing techniques, which mainly include fluorescence, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and other techniques such as photoelectrochemistry (PEC), chemiluminescence (CL), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Particularly, the interactions of MOF/COF-based nanomaterials with miRNAs as well as the detection principles are introduced and analyzed. It ends by listing the current challenges and proposing future trends of MOF/COF-based nanomaterials for miRNA detection.

摘要 : Cells serve not only as metabolic units but as pivotal regulators of tissue function, leveraging metabolic plasticity to adapt to dynamic microenvironmental cues. Analysis at single-cell level are crucial for understanding various fundamental life processes. However, the minute volume, low total amounts of analytes, and intricate subcellular compartmentalization present major challenges for accurate, real-time, high spatial resolution monitoring at single cell level. Electrochemical methods for single-cell monitoring, especially those based on micro/nanoelectrodes and electrochemiluminescence (ECL), offer distinct advantages, including high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, and dynamic responsiveness. Micro/nanoelectrodes provide high spatial resolution and localized detection with minimal cellular disruption, while ECL systems eliminate the need for external light sources and deliver high signal-to-background ratios, ideal for low-abundance target detection. Together, these approaches address key limitations in single-cell analysis by enabling high-resolution, real-time biochemical monitoring. This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical single-cell technologies, focusing on electrode architectures, innovations in luminophores, and applications in detecting reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, glucose, dopamine, proteins, and nucleic acids. We also discuss current limitations and future directions to support the development of next-generation single-cell sensing strategies.

摘要 : Hydrogen is a key energy carrier as well as an essential industrial chemical, with significant potential to reduce carbon emissions when it is produced by green electricity. Currently, various methods are being developed connecting water electrolysis with wind and/or photovoltaic (PV) power sources. In this study, we report an intelligent system where photovoltaic panels are connected to an alkaline electrolyzer (ALK). Because of the proximity between the PV panels and the electrolyzer, the system consists of a power supply module that continuously analyzes the output current and voltage of the PV system and tracks its maximum power point according to the level of solar irradiation. The current and voltage outputs are fed into a DC/DC conversion unit that adjusts them to fit the electrolyzer's current–voltage (I–V) curve at the temperature of the latter. As a result, the system significantly reduces energy loss and utilizes up to 96.6% of the PV power to drive the electrolyzer. The system also exhibits a fast response to fluctuating PV output power, ensuring that the electrolyzer reliably produces high-purity hydrogen even with rapid variations in solar irradiation. By measurement, we established that hydrogen in evolved oxygen (H2 in O2) and oxygen in evolved hydrogen (O2 in H2) are maintained at less than 0.6 and 0.06%, respectively. The performance of the ALK electrolyzer under different operating temperatures and input power is studied. The results indicate that the direct DC/DC conversion system is highly efficient and safe. Power from the city grid is used mainly to maintain voltage stability of the system, and minimal power from the grid is used for actual water splitting.

摘要 : Herein, we firstly report an ultrafast liquid Joule heating (ULJH) strategy for in situ fabrication and stabilization of NiFe-LDH nanosheets, enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). ULJH efficiently suppresses agglomeration, yielding ultrathin nanosheets with exposed active edges. At the same time, strong interfacial bonding ensures operational stability. The NiFe-LDH-JH demonstrates exceptional OER performance, achieving a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 262 mV with minimal attenuation after 300 h of operation.

摘要 : Accurate identification of urinary pathogens is essential for the timely diagnosis and effective management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs), which carry pathogen-specific surface antigens, represent an attractive diagnostic target. However, their clinical translation is impeded by the time-consuming and labor-intensive isolation process (typically requiring up to 72 h) from complex biological samples such as urine. To overcome this limitation, we report an intelligent colorimetric sensor array capable of decoding pathogen-specific biochemical signatures for the direct, accurate and rapid identification of bEVs in UTIs. It is realized by inventing a three-dimensional biomimetic nanozyme comprising TiO2 nanoparticles-bridged Hemin molecules anchored on graphdiyne with a sandwich configuration, thus enabling both selective capture of bEVs and enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activity. The specificity arises from the atomic Fe centers in Hemin molecules, which establish stable coordination interactions with the O-antigens of lipopolysaccharides on the bEV surface. Upon bEV recognition, the biomimetic nanozyme exhibits pH-dependent suppression of POD-like activity, generating distinctive colorimetric fingerprints. Coupled with machine learning, the platform accurately classifies bEV subtypes. Clinical validations demonstrate a diagnostic accuracy of 100.0% within 30 min, underscoring the promising point-of-care UTI management.

摘要 : Organic electrode materials (OEMs) are promising for sodium-ion batteries but often suffer from dissolution and poor durability. We report a bis-anthraquinone anode, DABT, in which amino groups lower the redox potential and form hydrogen bonds to suppress dissolution. DABT delivers ∼245 mAh g-1 at an average voltage of ∼1.54 V, with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 98% and 79% capacity retention after 2500 cycles at 2C. Ex situ characterizations reveal a reversible C═O ↔ C-O conversion, coordinating Na+ at four carbonyl sites. Paired with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the full cell achieves 160 mAh g-1 at 0.5C with an average voltage of ∼1.5 V, retaining >60% capacity after 500 cycles at 5C. Notably, the DABT//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell retains 84% capacity at -20 °C after 100 cycles, underscoring robust low-temperature performance. This study provides a concise molecular-engineering strategy for high-performance organic anodes and advances the practical deployment of SIBs.

摘要 : Diabetic wound healing impairment represents a major global clinical challenge and conventional therapies often target a single aspect, failing to coordinately regulate this complex pathological network. In recent years, naturally derived catechol/polyphenolic compounds (e.g., tannic acid, dopamine, epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid) with inherent chemical versatility and bioactivity have emerged as ideal molecular building blocks for constructing next-generation intelligent, multi-level wound repair platforms. This review systematically discusses composite material systems, constructed through cross-scale materials engineering from nano-functional units to macro-therapeutic devices with catechol chemistry at the core, to achieve systematic regulation of the diabetic wound healing process. First, a multi-scale materials design framework is established to elaborate strategies from the precise construction of nanoparticles, nanozymes, and metal-phenolic networks, to mesoscale composite reinforcement, and ultimately integration into macroscopic devices such as hydrogels, microneedles, and conductive scaffolds. These approaches are dedicated to developing intelligent therapeutic platforms capable of dynamically sensing and responding to the complex wound microenvironment. Subsequently, it delves into the core mechanisms underlying the interaction between multi-scale composite materials and biological systems, with a focus on elucidating their multi-level synergistic therapeutic effects achieved through reactive oxygen species scavenging, macrophage phenotype reprogramming, synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions, and promotion of neurovascular regeneration. By integrating cutting-edge research cases, this review reveals the structure-activity relationships between "material chemistry - multi-scale structure - biological function, " emphasizing the importance of cross-scale integration and intelligent design. Finally, addressing challenges in clinical translation, this review prospects key issues including biosafety, in-depth mechanistic elucidation, standardized fabrication, and personalized treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and design guidance for developing high-efficiency, reliable diabetic wound repair materials.

摘要 : Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetectors (PDs) have attracted increasing attention due to their low-cost manufacturing and liquid-phase working environment. However, the current reported PEC-PDs still suffer from relatively poor stability during operation in harsh and complex liquid environments, which hinders their practical applications. Here, a custom PD based on the CdSe 0.9 Te 0.1 /ZnS core-shell quantum dots (CSQDs) was constructed with optimized photocurrent density ( P ph ) of 7.36 μA∙cm −2 , photo-responsivity ( R ph ) of 701 μA∙W −1 and detectivity of 1.93 × 10 8 Jones in basic electrolyte. Even in a highly corrosive acidic electrolyte, excellent photo-response performance was observed with P ph of 1.48 μA∙cm −2 and R ph of 6.88 μA∙W −1 . Strikingly, ultra-high photocurrent retention efficiency (PRE) values of 98.1 % and 74 % can be retained for measuring in 1.0 M KOH and HCl after sample stored for one month, respectively. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the adsorption energy of CdSeTe/ZnS-OH/-H CSQDs are both weaker than CdSeTe-OH/-H QDs. This work presents a pH-universal photoactive material for PEC-PDs, and achieves one of the highest PRE values reported in PEC systems, demonstrating the enormous potential of CdSe 0.9 Te 0.1 /ZnS core/shell structure in enhancing device stability and overcoming the acid-hydrolysis problem of Cd-based materials.