摘要 : The metal–carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy–density energy storage devices, enable direct CO2 utilization, offering promising prospects for CO2 capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO2 batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO2 batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO2 battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO2 batteries.

摘要 : An enhanced pH-stable and highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous detection of Cd 2+, Pb 2+, Hg 2+, and As 3+ was developed using dopamine/aptamer modified screen-printed electrodes. The aptamers of the four metal ions were initially immobilized on the surface of the corresponding working electrodes, where the specific conformation of the aptamers was induced in the presence of the toxic metal ions. Subsequently, the aptamer conformations were stabilized through electropolymerisation of dopamine, forming imprinted polymers to improve pH stability. After eluting the toxic metal ions with EDTA, the cavities left in the imprinted polymers selectively bound to the corresponding metal ions. Under optimized conditions, the developed electrochemical biosensor exhibits excellent specificity due to the specific ion conformation of dopamine imprinted polymers. Furthermore, the dopamine/aptamer imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor exhibited significantly enhanced pH stability compared to the electrochemical aptasensor, owing to the stabilization of the aptamer conformation by the imprinted polymers. The limits of detection (LOD) for the toxic metal ions were as follows: Pb 2+ (1.4 μg L− 1 ), Cd 2+ (4.0 μg L− 1 ), Hg 2+ (1.9 μg L− 1 ), and As 3+ (6.6 μg L− 1 ). The recovery rates in shredded squid and shrimp paste samples ranged from 87.5% to 108.8%, demonstrating the assay's excellent potential for the quantitative analysis of toxic metal ions in aquatic creatures.

摘要 : Two donor-acceptor (D-A) type pure blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters have been synthesized by integrating two oxygen-bridged triarylborane acceptors with different phenyl rings substitution sites with 10, 10-diphenyl-5, 10-dihydrodibenzo[ b, e ][1, 4]azetidine ( PASi ). These emitters successfully keep the rapid reverse intersystem crossing rates characteristic of D-A type TADF materials, while incorporating the short-range charge transfer (SRCT) properties of oxygen-bridged triarylborane acceptors to amplify non-radiative transition processes. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices based on these pure blue emitters show that each maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of the pPhBO-PASi and mPhBO-PASi devices are 20.4 % and 15.3 %, respectively. More encouragingly, the efficiency roll-off of the device improves with the increase of doping concentration. This work provides a simple and feasible molecular design strategy to design pure blue TADF emitters.

摘要 : Conversion-type selenium cathodes are considered a highly promising alternative to sulfur cathodes due to their high conductivity and similar theoretical capacity. However, stress-diffusion and shuttle effects during the conversion process remain significant challenges that urgently need to be addressed. Herein, a composite matrix of MoSe 2 anchored on the surface of N -doped hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (NHMCNS) was designed as a Se host to construct Se/C cathodes (Se/MoSe 2 @NHMCNS). Anchored MoSe 2 successfully mitigated selenium loss by enhancing the chemisorption of polyselenides within the matrix. Meanwhile, polyselenides adsorbed on the Se/C cathode surface exhibit lower diffusion barriers and more negative Gibbs free energy during the conversion from chain polyselenides to Na 2 Se. MoSe 2 accelerated the catalytic conversion of polyselenides to the final discharge products from both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives. The huge stress induced by structural transformation during the conversion process is mitigated by MoSe 2 synergistic carbon walls, which effectively maintain the structural stability of the cathode. Based on this three-in-one strategy, the sodium-selenium battery assembled with Se/MoSe 2 @NHMCNS exhibits stable cycling performance (400.6 mAh g −1 at 2C after 500 cycles), and the pouch battery also demonstrates good practical performance.

摘要 : P2-Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 O 2 cathode material is considered as an ideal cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its high capacity. However, it has P2-O2 phase transition, which leads to fast capacity decay. This paper investigates the effect of Zn/Al co-substitution on their chemical-electrical properties. The experimental results show that this strategy successfully transforms the unfavorable P2-O2 phase transition that occurs in the material during cycling into a reversible P2-OP4 phase transition, and the reversible capacity and capacity retention of the P2-type cathode material are significantly improved. It maintains a high energy density of up to 444 Wh·Kg −1 in the first five charge/discharge cycles, facilitating the future practical implementation and commercialization of the material.

摘要 : In this work, RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites are synthesized, characterized, and used as a very effective photocatalytic system for the breakdown of Crystal Violet dye (CVi) and the treatment of wastewater from textile industries. The RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites exhibited exceptional photocatalytic activity in ideal laboratory conditions, annihilating CVi in 60 minutes when exposed to visible light. In an actual experiment, RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites took just 65 minutes to light-irradiate a 100 mL mixed dark-colored dye solution (100 mg/L CVi) and turned it into a colorless solution. This practical application demonstrates potential of RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites in the treatment of textile wastewater, where it is required to remove multiple color kinds at once. The research also thoroughly examines the synthesized nanocomposites' precise characterization through the use of methods like FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. The study also investigates the effects of various operating situations on the declining efficiency of CVi. The results show that RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites have the potential to be a viable and efficient strategy to deal with the problem of wastewater contaminated with dyes. Therefore, the work provides a comprehensive understanding of the chemical states and elemental surface compositions in RuO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 and g-C 3 N 4, which is crucial for understanding the properties and potential applications of these materials.

摘要 : High-temperature carbonization typically used in the preparation of advanced electrocatalysts poses significant challenges in preserving abundant functional groups essential for reactant adsorption and component stabilization. To address this, a solvothermal synthesis followed by non-carbonization annealing approach is proposed to fabricate a series of cobalt-based organic–inorganic hybrids derived from cobalt-based glycerate nanospheres (GNs). Notably, annealing in phosphorous and inert atmospheres preserves the solid nanospherical structure, whereas treatment in sulfur-rich environments results in the formation of hollowed nanospheres. Among these hybrids, phosphorized solid cobalt GNs (Co-P-GNs) exhibit the highest catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a low overpotential of 152 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . Meanwhile, sulfurized hollow cobalt-iron GNs (Co-Fe-S-HGNs) demonstrate good performance in catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . Both catalysts exhibit robust stability and maintain 100 % Faradaic efficiency during operation in electrolyzers for water splitting. The high performance not only stems from the well-dispersed phosphide and sulfide crystallites, offering ample catalytic active sites; but also benefits from the partially thermolyzed organic matrix enriched with heteroatoms and functional groups, which facilitates ion adsorption to initiate the reactions and tightly clenches loaded components to stabilize the active species.

摘要 : Simultaneously dispersing phosphide crystallites and multiple heteroatoms in hollow carbon is a significant yet challenging task for achieving high-performance oxygen electrocatalysts of zinc-air batteries. Herein, a simple wrapping-pyrolysis strategy is proposed to prepare Co 2 P/CoP embedded in N, P, S triply-doped hollow carbon (Co 2 P/CoP@NPS-HC). Co 2 P/CoP@NPS-HC composite features hollow polyhedral structure populated with numerous catalytically active Co 2 P/CoP nanoparticles and N, P, S heteroatoms. This optimized catalyst exhibits excellent activity for oxygen reduction reaction, with a half-wave potential of 0.82 V vs. RHE, and impressive enhancement for oxygen evolution reaction, indicated by an overpotential of 400 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . Moreover, Co 2 P/CoP@NPS-HC catalyst exhibits greater durability and superior methanol tolerance compared to commercial Pt/C. The excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of Co 2 P/CoP@NPS-HC catalyst is attributed to the synergistic effect of uniformly dispersed Co 2 P/CoP nanoparticles and N, P, S triply-doped hollow carbon structure. The former provides abundant catalytically active sites, while the latter offers a high accessible specific surface area, as well as enhances catalytic activity and electronic conductivity due to its altered charge distribution.

摘要 : Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are considered as promising approach for achieving high-energy-density batteries. This study designs a fluorinated graphene-modified GPE (FG-GPE) through in-situ polymerization, which exhibits efficient pathways for Li + transportation and yields a high ionic conductivity of 4.74 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 30 °C. Furthermore, owing to its capability in establishing a robust cathode-electrolyte interface enriched with LiF, the assembled NCM811|FG-GPE|Li batteries exhibit exceptional cycling stability. After undergoing 400 cycles at 3C, the capacity retention rate of 80.0 % is achieved, and even after experiencing 200 cycles at 5C, an equal capacity retention rate of 80.5 % is maintained. This study aims to propose an innovative approach for the development of GPEs in LMBs.