摘要 : To achieve resource recycling and sustainable hydrogen production, it is crucial to design electrocatalysts that are significantly active, cost-effective, and environmentally adaptable. In this study, high-entropy sulfide (NiMnCoMo)S x was synthesized by electrodeposition on nickel foam (NF). The optimized (NiMnCoMo)S x /NF catalyst exhibits highly effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity across acidic, neutral, alkaline, and alkaline seawater conditions. More accurately, at a current density of 100 mA·cm −2, the overpotential values are 187 mV (acidic), 323 mV (neutral), 134 mV (alkaline), and 167 mV (alkaline seawater). Notably, (NiMnCoMo)S x /NF demonstrates remarkable long-term catalytic stability in alkaline seawater. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the formation and modulation of high-entropy systems optimize the material structure, thereby significantly enhancing H 2 evolution across the entire pH range. This research offers a novel approach to designing catalysts that can achieve efficient hydrogen production across the entire pH scope and in alkaline seawater.

摘要 : Persistent luminescence phosphors (PLPs) store excitation energy within crystal defects and remain luminescent after excitation ceases by gradually releasing stored energy radiatively. PLPs have attracted enormous attention for applications in biosensing, bioimaging, phototherapy, photocatalysis, solar cells, and LEDs. However, poor persistent luminescence efficiency seriously limits PLPs' performance in practical applications. Defect engineering represents the most effective approach for improving persistent luminescence performance. Over recent decades, researchers have developed many defect engineering strategies to regulate trap density and depth in PLPs. This review summarized the representative methods for creating crystal defects in solid-state materials, including nonstoichiometric reactions, ion doping, high-temperature annealing, ionizing radiation treatment, and constructing porous structures. Furthermore, we systematically introduced the progress in improving persistent luminescence performance of inorganic PLPs through trap density and depth regulation. Also, the newly reported regulating persistent luminescence of organic PLPs by trap depth engineering was also presented. Subsequently, we consolidated recent breakthroughs in understanding defect-luminescence relationships: defect-derived quenching of persistent luminescence and defect-assisted upconversion charging of PLPs. The challenges and future perspectives for the rational design of PLPs were discussed in the final section. This review can provide valuable guidance for designing PLPs with improved persistent luminescence efficiency and advances their applications in phototheranostics, photocatalysis, solar cells, and LEDs.

摘要 : Sustainable corrosion protective coatings are essential for industrial applications. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) was successfully decorated with ZIF-67 nanoparticles to form ZIF-67/GO (ZG) hybrids, which were employed as nanofillers for the dispersed carbon nanotube enhanced waterborne acrylic epoxy coating (DCE). The electrodeposited polypyrrole (PPY) film was then electrodeposited on the coating layer, resulting in a new anticorrosive coating (ZG/DCE/P) with self-healing functionality. The properties of ZG/DCE/P coating and PPY-free ZG/DCE coating were characterized in terms of morphology and microstructural properties, as well as the anticorrosion behavior. Compared to ZG/DCE coating, the composite ZG/DCE/P coating presented a substantial enhancement in the corrosion resistance, and the corrosion protection ability of this coating system were found to remain stable up to 30 days. The durable anticorrosion performance of the ZG/DCE/P coating stems from the synergistic effect of passive/active corrosion resistance mechanisms inherent in each coating component. The incorporation of ZG fillers increased the cross-linking density of the epoxy resin and prolonged the inward diffusion path of corrosive species; while the dense PPY layer not only acted as a barrier but also slowed the premature loss of corrosion inhibitors. The study provides new insights into the development of multifunctional anticorrosive coatings for engineering applications.

摘要 : Interfacial solar evaporation technology offers a green and sustainable approach to solving the global freshwater shortage, but salt accumulation at the evaporation interface reduces the light absorption efficiency and hinders the escape of water vapor, thereby significantly degrading the evaporation performance, which poses a key obstacle to long-term practical applications. Herein, a Janus-structured double-layer photothermal evaporator (CDs-SA-CT/DC) was designed in this study, integrating carbon dots (CDs) and sodium alginate (SA)-functionalized cotton textile (CT) photothermal layer with a directional water-transferring dustless cloth (DC), which displays an asymmetric bilayer structure of combining efficient broadband solar energy absorption with hydrodynamic conditioning. Experimental results presented that the CDs-SA-CT/DC evaporator possesses an evaporation rate of 1.82 kg m −2 h −1 at 1 solar irradiation (1 kW m −2 ) and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 79.28 %. Most importantly, the directional transport mechanism of water enabled salt ions to migrate and selectively deposit at the edges of the DC, effectively preventing interface blockage. By combining the photothermal interface with directional water transport, this Janus structural system provides a scalable salt-resistant strategy for efficient solar desalination.

摘要 : Sodium (Na) demonstrates significant advantages as an anode candidate for sodium metal batteries (SMBs). However, Na metal suffers from uncontrolled dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during charge – discharge cycles. Therefore, constructing stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) layers is crucial for suppressing Na dendrite and extending cycle lifespan. Herein, we propose a facile and effective strategy to construct a fluorinated graphene-based (FG) ASEI layer on Na foil, which demonstrates superior mechanical stability and homogenizes the Na + diffusion. During a cyclic electrochemical process, homogeneous plating/stripping of Na + can be achieved, with the enhanced reaction dynamics while effectively suppressing dendrite formation. Long-term cycling tests demonstrate the outstanding electrochemical stability of the FG@Na||FG@Na symmetric cell, maintaining stable operation for 1800 h at 0.5 mA cm −2 with 0.5 mAh cm −2 per cycle. The NVP||FG@Na full cell delivers over 2000 cycles at a 10C rate with 99.98 % CE and 93 % capacity retention, demonstrating remarkable cycling durability.

摘要 : In this work, CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF was obtained via electrodeposition. Firstly, CoFe-LDH was deposited on nickel foam (NF). Subsequently, CoMoP was deposited onto CoFe-LDH/NF for compositing. Through optimization of the deposition current for enhanced material properties, the CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF ultimately achieved optimal catalytic performance. Experiments have found that CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF exhibits excellent performances towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). At 100 mA cm −2, the CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF electrode achieves overpotentials of 195 mV (acidic), 430 mV (neutral), 145 mV (alkaline), and 150 mV (alkaline seawater). The results of electrochemical testing and XPS after HER confirm that CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF has good stability. While for OER in alkaline seawater, CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF demonstrates excellent performance, with 1.595 V at 200 mA cm −2 . Notably, in alkaline seawater, CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF electrodes were utilized to assemble a two-electrode electrolytic cell, which can reach 100 mA cm −2 with 1.71 V. Furthermore, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) results confirm that CoFe-LDH/CoMoP improves the material's electronic structure. This optimization lowers the hydrogen adsorption free energy barrier, and improves catalytic activity. This work provides new ideas for promoting water electrolysis across the full pH range, and can address the challenges of the actual seawater environment.

摘要 : Vanadium-based Prussian blue analogs (Vanadium Hexacyanoferrate, VOHCF) is one of the typical Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) with multiple electron transfer. It has high-capacity compared to other PBAs with single electron transfer. However, the PBAs cathode has been limited in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) because of its poor electrical conductivity. Polyaniline (PANI) is a splendid conductive polymer and have high electrical conductivity. The composites with PANI can significantly improve the electroconductivity and rate performance for electrode materials. However, PANI is difficult to sustain high voltages causing serious polarization when it is used for cathode material. Here, the formation of modified conductive PANI fiber reinforced vanadium hexacyanoferrate nanocomposites (VOHCF@PANI-Fe) is obtained via the one-step co-precipitation method. Benefitting from the doping of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−, PANI can adapt to high voltages in order to achieve a well complex relationship with VOHCF. Meanwhile, the import of modified PANI remarkable improves conductivity and multiplicity performance about composites. When the current density is 5 A·g −1, VOHCF@PANI-Fe composite cathode has a well specific capacity about 140 mAh·g −1 with an outstanding cycling stability. Additionally, there is maintained reversible capacity about 101 mAh·g −1 as 2000 cycles under 5 A·g −1 . Furthermore, the ex-situ characterization is used to analyze reaction mechanism. This work establishes a reliable support for the cathode materials of high-voltage and large-rate performance to AZIBs.

摘要 : The development of intelligent coatings shows great potential for sustained corrosion protection. In this study, ZIF-8 was combined with graphene oxide (GO) and the corrosion inhibitor 1, 10-Phenanthroline (Phen) to prepare PZ 8 G nanomaterials. These nanoparticles were introduced into a dispersed carbon nanotube enhanced water-borne acrylic epoxy resin to fabricate a corrosion inhibition coating (PZ 8 G/DCE), followed by electrodeposition of a polypyrrole (PPY) outer film to construct a PZ 8 G/DCE/P bilayer architecture with enhanced anti-corrosion performance. The PZ 8 G composites exhibited improved compatibility with acrylic epoxy resin compared to pristine ZIF-8, and the PZ 8 G/DCE/P bilayer coating presented satisfactory adhesion. This coating effectively enhanced the corrosion resistance of 304SS in both acidic and saline environments, increasing the corrosion potential by 0.36 V and 0.3 V, respectively. The coating demonstrated significant efficacy in acidic conditions, in which the EIS tests confirmed stable protection over 30d of immersion, while SEM characterization after 60d of immersion revealed it maintained structural integrity with minimal morphological changes. Furthermore, the self-healing capability of PZ 8 G/DCE/P coating system was verified through EIS measurements on artificial scratches combined with elemental analysis, which demonstrated the active release of inhibitors and the formation of protective composites at damaged region. The synergistic combination of PPY, which exhibits dual functionality as both anodic protection and physical barrier, with actively corrosion inhibiting PZ 8 G nanofillers, effectively provided a sustained active-passive corrosion protection for stainless steel under aggressive conditions. This work suggests a promising strategy for designing smart anti-corrosion materials.

摘要 : Janus fabrics with unidirectional water transport properties are widely applied in personal moisture management. Although existing Janus fabrics (e.g., Janus Cotton fabric) can transport sweat away from the skin side, the sweat often fails to evaporate and be removed timely, which inevitably leads to sweat accumulation and may cause discomfort. In this study, we propose a Janus Coolmax fabric (J-Coolmax) designed by asymmetric single-side spraying of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) solution onto Coolmax fabric. As a result, the microstructures of Coolmax fibers not only enable J-Coolmax to achieve rapid unidirectional liquid transport (∼0.2 s), but also facilitate extensive sweat diffusion (three times the area of Janus cotton fabric (J-Cotton)) and rapid/efficient evaporation. Moreover, the skin temperature under our J-Coolmax is reduced by a sustained difference of 1.6 °C compared to that of J-Cotton in dynamic cooling process. In addition, the J-Coolmax demonstrates excellent durability, which can withstand 200 home washes and 400 abrasion cycles. This work improves the issues of limited evaporation efficiency and persistent sweat adhesion on the skin surface, offering a scalable strategy for next-generation Janus textiles.

摘要 : Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are renowned for their exceptional stability and have been increasingly recognized for their dual roles in pro- and antiviral responses during host-virus interactions. In this study, we investigated the functional landscape of circular RNAs (circRNAs) during infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), a model baculovirus system. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that hundreds of host-derived circRNAs are dynamically regulated upon BmNPV infection, while the virus itself generates numerous viral circRNAs (vcircRNAs) via back-splicing. Using a combination of advanced experimental approaches, we validated the existence of multiple cellular and viral circRNAs. Among these, we characterized vcircRNA-390, a BmNPV-encoded circRNA harboring a small open reading frame (ORF) and four viral internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Remarkably, vcircRNA-390 serves as a template for the translation of an 81-amino acid viral peptide (VSP81). Functional studies demonstrated that both vcircRNA-390 and VSP81 significantly enhance viral replication. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that VSP81 likely targets the host RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, a major antiviral defence system, to promote viral immune evasion. While these findings establish vcircRNA-390 as a novel proviral factor in insect-virus interactions, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which VSP81 modulates the RNAi machinery remain to be fully elucidated. Our work not only expands the understanding of viral circRNA biology but also reveals a new dimension of the host-pathogen conflict, wherein BmNPV exploits circRNA-mediated translation to subvert antiviral defences.