摘要 : Organophosphates are a type of emerging environmental contaminant, which can be removed effectively by adsorption. Here, modified steel slag was examined for its adsorptive performance in the removal of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) from water. Compared to acid (55.3%, maximum removal rate) and base (85.5%) modification, high-temperature modification (90.6%) significantly enhanced steel slag's adsorption capacity for HEDP, surpassing that of unmodified slag (71.2%). Kinetic analyses elucidated a two-phase adsorption process—initial rapid adsorption followed by a slower equilibrium phase. The results of adsorption energy analysis showed that modified steel slag preferentially occupied the sites with higher energy, which promoted the adsorption. After five regeneration cycles, the adsorption properties of the material were not significantly reduced, which indicates that the material has good application potential. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS, were employed to uncover the surface chemistry and structural changes responsible for the enhanced adsorption efficiency. The adsorption mechanism of HEDP on steel slag is a complete process guided by hydrogen bonding interactions, strengthened surface complexation, and optimized ligand exchange. This study advances the sustainable utilization of industrial waste materials and contributes significantly to the development of innovative water treatment technologies.

摘要 : The preparation of modified membranes utilizing the UiO-66 framework for wastewater filtration is regarded as one of the most promising approaches to wastewater treatment, owing to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a post-modified MOF, UiO-66-RSA, was synthesized via the condensation reaction of UiO-66-NH 2 and 2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. PVDF mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated for the first time by mixing UiO-66-RSA into PVDF using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Compared to pure PVDF membranes, the newly developed membrane, M4, demonstrated enhanced compatibility and superior mechanical strength. In dyeing wastewater treatment applications, M4 showed excellent separation efficiency for dye and heavy metal mixed wastewater, achieving rejection rates exceeding 90 %. Additionally, it maintained a high flux recovery rate (FRR > 90 %) and rejection rate (Rejection > 90 %) after six filtration cycles of dye-containing wastewater, indicating strong recyclability. These findings suggest that MMMs embedded with UiO-66-RSA hold significant promise for dyeing wastewater treatment.

摘要 : Seawater desalination is an important process to alleviate the freshwater crisis. However, traditional desalination techniques are typically energy-intensive and significantly contribute to the worldwide release of carbon dioxide . Additionally, desalination using fluctuating renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, heavily relies on external weather. In this context, harnessing ocean thermal gradient for desalination emerges as a promising alternative for achieving sustainable desalination. Because it is a natural thermal energy source with a continuous and stable supply, and is widely available in tropical regions where freshwater shortages are most pressing. Nowadays, ocean thermal desalination has been proven technically feasible, however traditional configurations face obstacles such as high-power consumption and low-performance ratio as narrow temperature differences. Therefore, this review comprehensively discusses optimization approaches for ocean thermal desalination in terms of structural enhancement and multi-energy complementarity to identify the direction of future development of the technology. The present state, impediments, and future outlook pertaining to ocean thermal desalination are also presented. Finally, the performance and cost-effectiveness of reviewed ocean thermal desalination processes are examined and compared with other desalination processes. This review highlights the potential of desalination using ocean thermal gradient and emphasizes that optimization strategies from multiple perspectives can significantly enhance system performance and enable sustainable desalination.

摘要 : The integration of advanced materials and signaling cascade strategies is a promising and highly relevant topic for enhancing the performance of bioanalysis. In this study, a three-stage cascade amplification electrochemical bioanalysis (TCAE-bioanalysis) was developed and evaluated for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). This method couples immunoreaction with a glucose–Fenton–hydroquinone (HQ) system on bimetallic–ZIF (B-ZIF)@CNP nanocomposites. The B-ZIF@CNP-modified gold electrode (AuE) was prepared, offering high conductivity and an excellent reaction interface. The immunoreaction introduced glucose oxidase (GOx) into the glucose–Fenton–HQ system, generating an abundant electron signal. The method achieved an ultrasensitive limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.87 pg/mL, with an IC50 value of 30.8 pg/mL, representing a 229-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to ELISA using the same monoclonal antibody (McAb). The specificity, reliability, and practicality of this approach were thoroughly demonstrated for agricultural product samples. Additionally, the TCAE-bioanalysis offers several advantages, including simplified preparation for advanced B-ZIF@CNP, a convenient detection system, and the use of common and environmentally friendly reagents. This study presents a comprehensive approach to improving electrochemical bioanalysis and may also expand the application of signaling cascades and environmentally friendly techniques in other biosensing or diagnostic contexts.

摘要 : Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /In(OH) 3 (BON) photocatalysts were synthesized by a one-pot method and loaded onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes to obtain a Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /In(OH) 3 /PVDF (BON-M) catalytic membrane system. The catalytic membranes demonstrated complete degradation of tetracycline within 40 min under visible light. They demonstrated robust photocatalytic activity across a broad pH range (5–11) and in the presence of coexisting ions. The membranes demonstrated excellent self-cleaning performance. Following exposure to light, the irreversible contamination decreased from 27.1% to 4.7% and the membrane's permeability was almost completely restored. Moreover, the charge transfer mechanism at the S-scheme heterojunction interface of BON was demonstrated by Density functional theory and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy characterisation, and the active sites involved in tetracycline's degradation were identified. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the "anemone effect" of BON-M was demonstrated in conjunction with Electron paramagnetic resonance, and the intrinsic Some factors enhancing the membranes' photocatalytic activity are specified.

摘要 : The entry of Cd into soil-rice systems is a growing concern as it can pose potential risks to public health. To derive regional soil Cd threshold, a total of 333 paired soil and rice samples was collected in Anhui Province, Eastern China. The results showed that the total soil Cd and soil Zn/Cd were the most significant variables contributing to Cd content in polished rice. The Chinese Soil Quality Standards might overestimate risk posed by Cd-contaminated soil for rice production in the mining area due to high Zn/Cd values of some mining-associated soils. Cd levels in polished rice can be predictable using stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) model. However, the derived soil Cd threshold based on the MLR model would be unrealistically high. The classification and regression tree method (CART) performed well in simulating Cd levels in polished rice and can be used to derive soil Cd threshold instead of MLR to minimize the uncertainty.

摘要 : The pore size range of activated carbon has an important effect on formaldehyde adsorption, while nitrogen-doped can promote formaldehyde adsorption, but the mechanism of nitrogen-doped on formaldehyde adsorption at different pore size range has not been elaborated clearly. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of range on formaldehyde adsorption at different pore size scales. Through simulation, it is concluded that nitrogen-doped does not broaden the optimal pore size for formaldehyde adsorption and the optimal pore size is still 6 Å, but nitrogen-doped can improve the non-bonding interactions between formaldehyde molecules and activated carbon by changing the electrostatic distribution on the surface of activated carbon, which enhances the adsorption of formaldehyde molecules. In addition, the non-bonding interaction between formaldehyde molecules and activated carbon decreases with increasing pore size, whereas nitrogen-doped enhances the non-bonding interaction between formaldehyde molecules and activated carbon, and therefore nitrogen-doped improves the limiting pore size of activated carbon for formaldehyde adsorption.

摘要 : The strain species resource is essential for microbial remediation of PHE (phenanthrene)-Cd 2+ co-contamination. In this study, the mixed bacterial culture (M) was established to intensively remediate PHE-Cd 2+ co-contamination using PAHs-degrading bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Arthrobacter sp. with different Cd 2+ tolerance. The PHE degradation efficiency of the mixed bacterial cultures (M) was 65 %-81 % under different Cd 2+ concentration of 10–50 mg/L, respectively, which was 1.40–2.98 times that of the individual strains. In addition, strain metabolic enzyme activity, intracellular structure and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were carried out under Cd 2+ stress. Results showed that the catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase enzyme (C120) and the electron transport system activity (ETSA) were less adversely affected by Cd 2+ in mixed bacterial cultures. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the cells surface of the mixed bacterial cultures (M) could be adsorbed more Cd 2+ compared to the single strain. The analysis of cell functional groups suggested that C-O-C and C-O groups in EPS mediated the removal of Cd 2+ in the mixed bacterial culture . Moreover, the Cd 2+ removal proportion by EPS adsorption of the mixed bacterial cultures accounted for 92 %, 67 %, 57 %, and 52 % under Cd 2+ stress of 0.5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L, respectively, which were superior to that of individual strains. This study confirmed the potential application and technical reference of the specific mixed bacterial cultures in the enhanced bioremediation of PHE-Cd 2+ co-contamination.

摘要 : To mitigate transient thermal shocks in lasers and reduce thermal stresses caused by temperature fluctuations, the use of phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal management systems is a viable solution. This study proposes an innovative two-dimensional transient heat transfer model specifically designed for plate-fin phase change heat exchangers (PFPCHEs). The model meticulously simulates the complex heat transfer phenomena within the heat exchanger, including fluid convection, solid thermal conduction, and the phase change processes of PCM. The convective heat transfer coefficient between fluid and plate is calculated using the Wieting correlation. An advanced pulse-mode experimental test platform was constructed to validate the model, dynamically monitoring and recording outlet temperatures and heat exchange performance for stringent experimental comparison. The research explores the impact of key operating parameters such as initial temperature, flow rate, and inlet temperature of the cooling cycle on the performance of the heat exchanger, providing valuable design and control strategies for transient thermal management of laser systems. The experimental results confirm that the model accurately predicts the dynamic response characteristics and temperature distribution of PFPCHEs under multi-cycle pulse loads, with 96% of the predictions within a 10% error margin. A significant finding is that the initial temperature has negligible influence on the heat transfer characteristics when it is below the solid phase temperature of the PCM. Moreover, by meticulously adjusting the flow rate and inlet temperature of cooling cycle, it is possible to effectively maintain the stability of the outlet temperature throughout the entire pulse cycle. This is crucial for minimizing temperature fluctuations within the thermal management system and extending the service life of electronic components.

摘要 : Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts (TOPcon) battery in the photovoltaic industry generates high ammonium wastewater during the production process, the adaptability of using the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for photovoltaic wastewater (PVW) treatment is a research hotspot. Based on the analysis of photovoltaic wastewater quality, the effectiveness of nitrogen removal, sludge characteristics and microbial communities were examined. The results showed that when the influent NH 4 + -N concentration of PVW was lower than 150 mg·L −1, the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was almost 100 %. In addition, the NRE decreased from 74 % sharply to 20 % when the NH 4 + -N concentration was increased from 175 mg·L −1 to 200 mg·L −1 . The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content increased with elevated ammonium concentration in the influent, indicating that microorganisms secreted more EPS to resist elevated nitrogen loading. The main functional populations were Candidatus Kuenenia (0–24 %). The influent ammonium concentration is recommended to be < 200 mg·L −1 .